DIETETICS 611 



Voit, bringing together a large number of observations, concluded 

 that an ' average workman/ weighing 70 to 75 kilos, and working 

 ten hours a day, required in the twenty-four hours 118 grammes 

 protein, 56 grammes fat, and 500 grammes carbo-hydrate, corre- 

 sponding to about 18-8 grammes* nitrogen, and at least 328 grammes 

 carbon. 



Ranke found the following a sufficient diet for himself, with a 

 body- weight of 74 kilos : 



Proteins - - - 100 grammes. 



Fat - 100 



Carbo-hydrates - 240 



This corresponds to only 16 grammes nitrogen and, say, 230 grammes 

 carbon. 

 A German soldier in the field receives on the average: 



Proteins - - 151 grammes. 



Fat - - 46 



Carbo-hydrates - 522 ,, 



representing about 24 grammes nitrogen and 340 grammes carbon. 

 The average ration for four British regiments in peace-time con- 

 tained 133 grammes protein, 115 grammes fat, and 424 grammes 

 carbo-hydrate ( = 3,400 calories). But in addition the soldiers 

 constantly obtained at their own expense a supper, generally com- 

 prising meat (Pembrey). The Russian army war ration in the 

 Manchurian campaign is said to have comprised 187 grammes 

 protein and 775 grammes carbo-hydrate, but only 27 grammes fat 

 ( = 4,900 calories). The diet of certain miners (Steinheil) and lum- 

 berers (Liebig) contained respectively 133 and 112 grammes protein, 

 113 and 309 grammes fat, and 634 and 691 grammes carbo-hydrates. 

 The diet of a Japanese jinricksha man with a body-weight of 

 62 kilos contained 158 grammes protein, and its total heat value 

 was 5,050 calories. The work of these men in running long dis- 

 tances with passengers is very laborious. They consume large 

 amounts of fish, eggs, beef, and pork during their periods of rest, 

 and large quantities of rice during their working periods (McCay). 

 The diet of prize-fighters and of athletes in training is richer in 

 protein than any of these. The members of two college football 

 teams are stated to have consumed on the average 225 grammes 

 protein, 334 grammes fat, and 633 grammes carbo-hydrates 

 ( = 6,800 calories). Caspari, from a study of the phenomena of 

 training, concluded that continuous bodily work at a rate above 

 the ordinary requires a large amount of protein (2 to 3 grammes a 

 day per kilo of body-weight). But there seems to be a considerable 

 difference between different individuals. So that a definite and 

 typical diet for severe labour does not exist. And although perhaps 

 the hardest physical work ever done in the world is to break athletic 



* Taking the percentage of nitrogen in protein at 16. 



