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kidney, spleen, and even a limb, have been successfully transplanted 

 in this way from one dog to another. Segments of arteries preserved 

 in cold storage for a few days or even weeks, and even portions of 

 arteries fixed by formaldehyde, have been transplanted so as to take 

 the place of segments removed from arteries of living animals, and 



Fig. 464. Suturing Bloodvessels : Preliminary Fixation of Ends of Divided Vessels 

 (after Guthrie). Three fixing ligatures are placed at equidistant points on the 

 circumference of the cut ends, each ligature being passed through corresponding 

 points of the two vessels. The ends of the vessels are approximated by drawing 

 on the ligatures, which are then tied, and the margins of the vessels sewed together 

 by continuous stitches in the intervals between the fixing ligatures, as in Fig. 465. 

 (Carrel's method.) 



have continued to function perfectly for long periods. Portions of 

 veins have also been used to fill up gaps in arteries. Even hetero- 

 plastic vascular grafts have been found to succeed, portions of dog's 

 arteries, e.g., grafted into a cat, and portions of rabbit's, cat's, or 



Fig. 465. Suturing Bloodvessels: Method of approximating Edges and putting in 

 Continuous Suture (after Guthrie). The needles are very fine cambric sewing- 

 needles, and the threads single strands of Chinese twist silk or human hair. 

 Needles and threads are sterilized in paraffin-oil. (Method of Carrel and Guthrie.) 



human arteries grafted into a dog. Doubtless the favourable result 

 is largely due to the fact that the function of the large arteries is 

 mainly a passive, mechanical one, which can be discharged even by 

 a dead tube of the requisite strength, and with the smooth interior 

 presented by a dead endothelial lining (Carrel, Guthrie). 



