The Valence of Oxygen, Etc. 



335 



From Table 2 it appears that sulfur is quadrivalent in 

 sulfur dioxide and sulfuryl chloride; hexavalent in sulfuretted 

 hydrogen, carbon bisulphide, mercaptane, thionyl chloride 

 and probably in thiophene. It is probably bivalent in car- 

 bonyl sulphide, but the critical data are uncertain. These 

 results are in agreement with the general idea of the valence 

 of sulfur except in the case of sulfuretted hydrogen, mer- 

 captane, and carbon bisulfide. Thiophene probably associates 

 a little at the critical temperature so that the valence com- 

 putation is uncertain. 



j. Nitrogen 



Nitrogen is generally supposed to be either mono-, 

 tri- or pentavalent. The cohesion method supports this con- 

 clusion. Nitric oxide has been a stumbling block. The re- 

 sults are given in Table 4. 



TABLE 4 NUMBER OF VALENCES PER MOLECULE OF NITROGEN 



COMPOUNDS 



From the table it appears that nitrogen in nitrogen gas 

 is monovalent. It appears to be also monovalent in nitrous 



and nitric oxide. Two formulas may be written for nitrous 



\/ 

 oxide with a total valence of six, i. e., N O N or N N =O. 



