Residual Valence of Various Molecules 479 



(Olszewski) and if S be calculated by the formula already 

 given using the value of the density of the liquid at 164 

 as 0.466 and disregarding the vapor density, S computes to 

 be 3.318 which is probably not far wrong. From this "a" is 

 found by the formula given above to be 3.025 X io 12 , M 2 K is 

 8.232 X io~ 36 and C is found to be 3.24 X io~ 37 which is al- 

 most the same value as that computed from hydrogen. 



The critical data of oxygen are known, but the calculation 

 shows clearly that oxygen is monovalent in the elemental form, 

 there being but two valences in the molecule. This un- 

 expected conclusion makes it impossible to use oxygen for the 

 determination of C until it can be shown from independent 

 sources that oxygen in the elemental form is really mono- 

 valent. There is some residual valence also. But if the 

 residual valence be disregarded and two valences only be 

 postulated in the molecule, the value of C would be 3.43 X 

 io- 37 . 



The mean value of C determined from all the substances 

 in Table VIII in my former paper was 3-45 X io~ 37 , if Milli- 

 kan's value of the number of molecules in a gram mol., namely 

 6.062 X io 23 , is used in the computation. Since in this 

 calculation of C the molecules were not supposed to have 

 residual valence, it is clear that an allowance for the presence 

 of this valence would have the effect of lowering C, so that 

 its true value must be somewhat less than 340 X io~ 37 . 



A way in which C can be independently determined was 

 suggested by the relation between cohesion and gravitation. 1 

 In the formula M 2 K = C(Wt. X Val.) 2/ > it is evident that 

 M 2 K is proportional to the 2 / 3 ds power of the gravitational 

 mass of a molecule and when weight and valence are unity 

 M 2 K = C. It occurred to me that under these circumstances 

 C might very possibly be nothing else than the factor 

 (w 2 &) 2/3 of a molecule of unity molecular weight. In this 

 case "m" is the gravitational mass of such a molecule and 

 "k" the gravitational constant. A computation of (m 2 k) 2/1 

 using Millikan's recent determination of the number of mole- 



1 Mathews: Jour. chim. phys., 1914* 



