ANIMAL PEDIGREES 199 



XIX Century. 



XVIII Century. 



XVII Century. 



XVI Century. 



XV Century. 



XIV Century. 



If for example we fix our attention on the six- 

 teenth century, we find that the men of that century 

 did not arise spontaneously, but were the direct 

 descendants of those of the preceding or fifteenth 

 century ; furthermore we all admit that from the 

 men of the sixteenth century those of the seven- 

 teenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries have 

 all directly sprung. And what holds good with 

 regard to the men of the sixteenth century applies 

 equally well to the horses, the cats, the dogs, the 

 birds, the butterflies, the starfishes of that time. 

 Now widen the intervals still further : let them 

 represent not merely centuries but thousands, tens 

 of thousands, of years ; let them finally indicate 

 the great geologic periods, and the argument will 

 still hold : 



Quaternary and 

 Recent. 

 Pliocene. 



Miocene. 



