224 ANIMAL PEDIGREES 



velopment within the egg is that the successive 

 stages are hurried over, and are at best but 

 imperfectly recapitulated. Thus although Hylodes 

 passes through what may be called a tadpole stage, 

 it never develops gills ; so that were Hylodes the 

 only frog known to us, it is very likely that we 

 should have arrived at other conclusions concern- 

 ing the pedigree of frogs. 



The influence of food yolk on the development 

 of animals is closely analogous to that of capital in 

 human undertakings. A new industry, for example 

 that of pen-making, has often been started by a 

 man working by hand and alone, making and sell- 

 ing his own wares; if he succeed in the struggle 

 for existence, it soon becomes necessary for him to 

 call in others to assist him, and to subdivide the 

 work ; hand labour is soon superseded by machines, 

 involving further differentiation of labour ; the 

 earlier machines are replaced by more perfect and 

 more costly ones ; factories are built, agents en- 

 gaged, and in the end a whole army of workpeople 

 employed. In later times a man commencing the 

 same business with very limited means will start 

 at the same level as the original founder, and will 

 have to work his way upwards through much the 

 same stages i.e., will repeat the pedigree of the 

 industry. The capitalist on the other hand is 

 enabled, like Hylodes, to omit these earlier stages, 

 and after a brief period of incubation, to start busi- 

 ness with large factories equipped with the most 

 recent appliances, and with a complete staff of work- 

 people i.e., to spring into existence fully fledged. 



