xii Introduction. 



Canada, are characterized by a very short tri- 

 angular bill ; gape, large ; the inner toe with 

 three joints, the others with four ; plumage, soft, 

 lax, and mottled like the Owls. 



FAMILY COLOPTERID^. The Flycatchers. 

 The birds of this Family are noted for their 

 activity and courage. The bill is sharp, strong, 

 broad, and slightly bent down and notched. 

 Wings and tail, about the same length. Three 

 toes in front, and one behind. Plumage, shaded 

 black and gray. 



FAMILY TURDID.E. The Thrushes. The 

 Thrushes have the wings and tail rounded, and 

 rather short, with one exception, that of the 

 Brown Thrush, which has a very long tail. The 

 plumage is brown above, and white-spotted with 

 black and brown beneath. 



FAMILY SYLVICOLID.E. The Warblers. The 

 birds of this Family are quite numerous, small 

 in size, with sharp and short bills ; plumage, 

 variable ; legs, long and slender, hind toe shorter 

 than the middle one ; claws, curved and sharp. 



FAMILY FRiNGiLLiDyE. The Finches. All 

 the birds of this Family are characterized by 



