PREPARA TIONS. 1 5 



inclica. Proof spirit is adapted when the substances 

 are partly soluble in water, partly in spirit, as in most 

 tinctures. Ammonia is employed in the ammoniated 

 tinctures of opium, valerian, quinine, and guaiacum ; 

 spirit of ether in Tinctura Lobelise ^therea; and 

 tincture of orange in Tinctura Quinine. 



2. Processes. (a) Simple solution or mixture. 

 Ex. : Tinctura Ferri Perchloridi. (b) Maceration. 

 Macerate the drug in the spirit for seven days ; press, 

 if necessary ; strain ; and add sufficient spirit to make 

 one pint. Ex. : Tinctura Opii. (c) Percolation. Pour 

 the spirit on the drug packed in a percolator, and add 

 spirit slowly until one pint is collected. Ex. : Tinctura 

 Zingiberis Fortior. (d) Maceration and percolation. 

 Macerate the drug for forty-eight hours in part of the 

 spirit ; then percolate, adding more spirit as required ; 

 press, filter the products, mix the liquids, and add 

 spirit to one pint. Ex. : Tinctura Digitalis. 



3. Ingredients. Tinctures are either simple, or 

 compound, i.e. contain more than one active substance. 

 Ex : Tinctura Benzoini Composita. 



Trochisci, Lozenges, are dried tablets of sugar, 

 gum, mucilage, water, and one or more active ingre- 

 dients, uniformly divided or previously dissolved. 



Unguenta, Ointments, are mixtures of active 

 substances with lard, benzoated lard, suet, wax, or oil, 

 variously combined ; or with simple ointment. The 

 ingredients are either thoroughly mixed or melted 

 together. 



Vapores, Inhalations, are preparations admini- 

 stered in the form of vapour or gas, disengaged on the 

 union of the ingredients. 



Vina, Wines, are solutions of drugs citln-r in 

 sherry (ex. : Vinura Ipecacuanha?), or in orange wine 

 (ex. : Vinum Quinise). 



The following kinds of preparations are in rominnu 

 use, but are not ordered in the British Pharmacopoeia: 



