TEREBINTHIN& OLEUM. 343 



ACTION AND USES. 



The action and uses of hops depend upon the presence of 

 its two important constituents, which exert the characteristic 

 effects of the class to which they respectively belong. The 

 primary stimulant, and secondary sedative and soporific effects 

 of the aromatic oil associated with those of alcohol, are seen 

 in ales and beers, less distinctly in the officinal preparations. 

 The stomachic and tonic effect of the bitter lupulinic acid is 

 equally familiar in wholesome bitter ale. Ale is moderately 

 laxative and diuretic by virtue of the essential oil. 



Hops are used medicinally chiefly in the form of pure 

 bitter ales, to produce the effects just indicated, especially to 

 rouse and improve the appetite in convalescence and other low- 

 states of the system, and to promote sleep. The officinal pre- 

 parations sometimes relieve the craving of alcoholism, and act 

 as anaphrodisiacs. 



CONIFERS. 



Teretomthinae Oleum OIL OF TURPENTINE. 

 The oil distilled from the oleo-resin (turpentine), 

 obtained from Pinus palustris, Pinus Tseda T and some- 

 times Pinus Pinaster. 



Characters. Limpid, colourless, with a strong peculiar 

 odour, and a pungent and bitter taste. Sp. gr., 0'864. Mixes 

 with other volatile and fixed oils, and dissolves resins, wax, 

 sulphur, phosphorus, and iodine. Solubility, 1 in 10 of rectified 

 spirit ; remains transparent with chloroform. 



Composition. The oleo-resin, common turpentine, as it 

 flows from trees, is an impure solution of resin in the officinal 

 volatile oil. The oil of turpentine, C 10 H 16 , with the characters 

 just described, readily absorbs oxygen, and is converted into 

 the resin, which thus increases with the exposure of the oleo- 

 resin to air. When the latter is distilled, the volatile oil 

 passes over, leaving the resin behind. Oil of turpentine is 

 isomeric with a number of volatile oils already met with in the 

 materia medica. 



Dose. 10 to 30 min. ; as an anthelmintic, 2 to 4 fl.dr. 



Preparations. 



1. Confectio Terebinthinse. 1, with Liquorice 1, and Honey 



2. Dose, 60 to 120 gr. 



2. Enema Terebinthinse. 1 oz., with Mucilage of Starch 



15 oz. ; for one enema. 



