346 MATERIA MEDIC A AND THERAPEUTICS. 



every other drug has failed. It appears to he specially useful 

 in intestinal haemorrhage from typhoid ulceration. In all 

 such cases the oil must he fearlessly exhibited, since life is at 

 stake, a dose of \ fl.dr. heing followed every two hours hy doses 

 of 15 to 20 min. 



The temperature is "believed to be lowered hy turpentine. 



This substance is also a physiological antidote to phos- 

 phorus, and may be used (best in the form of the crude oil) 

 either to prevent chronic phosphorus poisoning in workmen, 

 or in small repeated doses in acute poisoning, after sulphate of 

 copper. See Phosphorus (page 99) and Copper (page 65). 



! 4. REMOTE LOCAL ACTION AND USES. 



Oil of turpentine, like the volatile oils, is excreted, mainly 

 as such, by the cutaneous and mammary glands, by the lungs 

 and respiratory passages, by the kidneys, and possibly by the 

 liver, biliary mucosa, and intestines. All these organs are 

 influenced by the oil as it passes through them. Perspiration 

 is slightly increased, and an eruption may appear on the skin. 

 In the bronchial walls it acts as a vascular stimulant, and 

 disinfects both these and their products; it might therefore 

 be a valuable drug in chronic bronchitis, dilated bronchi, and 

 gangrene of the lungs. Its effect as it passes through the 

 kidneys accounts for the comparatively little use that is made 

 of it in these and other diseases. Even in moderate doses it 

 may produce symptoms of irritation and congestion of the 

 renal organs, including lumbar pain, repeated painful in- 

 effectual attempts at micturition, a sense of heat and spasm in 

 the perineum, frequently with haematuria. Whilst small 

 doses cause diuresis, large doses may cause complete sup- 

 pression. It may be occasionally used with caution in 

 Bright's disease, and even in hsematuria. Part of the tur- 

 pentine is excreted as a fragrant violet-smelling body, and this 

 and the unchanged portion exert a remote local effect as stimu- 

 lants and disinfectants in the bladder and urethra, so that 

 cystitis and gleet have been treated with the oil. 



In passing through the biliary passages, turpentine is 

 believed to prevent or dissolve gall stones. Its excretion by the 

 colon probably contributes to its effect in emptying the bowel 

 of gas and faeces. 



Resina RESIN. The residue of the distillation of 

 the turpentines from various species of Pinus and Abies. 



Characters. Translucent, yellowish, brittle, pulverisable ; 

 fracture shining ; odour and taste faintly terebinthinate. It is 



