NEW MALI.<)l'HA<iA. !♦> 



>.) 



It is evident tluit the cerfopliageal sclerite aiul con- 

 nected glands might be made use of in determining the 

 relations of Menopua an<l (JoljMce/ihaiain to the other 

 genera, and also of the Mallophaga to other orders of 

 Insects, since thev occur also in the Psocidie. But the 

 probable number of yet unknown species is too great to 

 allow of these structures being used to determine rela- 

 tionships of genera within the order. 



The Salivary Organs. — In 186iJ Kramer described the 

 salivary glands of Lipeurus jejunus. In 1874 they 

 were mentioned by Giebel in " Insecta Ejjizoa " from 

 Nitzsch's notes. He gives no description of them. 

 Finally, in 1885, Grosse gave a general account of 

 their structure in the whole order, and a special descrip- 

 tion of those of TetvophthaiiaiLfi chilensis (Menopon titan). 

 As far as is known, all species of Mallophaga possess 

 two pairs of salivary organs; in some cases there is 

 evidence that only one of each pair is a gland, the other 

 being a reservoir. In any case either one gland and a 

 reservoir or two glands are situated on each side of the 

 crop or cesophagus. From the anterior end of each 

 organ a duct arises and passes forward. The two ducts 

 on each side unite with each other, forming a right and 

 left common salivary duct. These run forward a vary- 

 ing distance and then approach each other and unite in 

 the middle line. This final duct formed of the four 

 prinuiry ducts runs forward beneath the oesohpagus and 

 enters the head where it opens into the pharynx. 



In the suborder Aniblyccra the salivary organs 

 appear to have no constant form characteristic of the 

 subgroujL Grosse describes those of Menofion titan 

 (plate xi, lig. 2) as consisting of a gland (a) and reser- 

 voir (h) on each side. The glands are elongate-oval, 

 and each has a furrow on the inner side, from the middle 



