viii 



CONTENTS. 



Doctrine that it is the expression 

 of a relation between the mean- 

 ings of two names 



Doctrine that it consists in refer- 

 ring Ronietbing to, or excluding 

 something from, a class . . 



What it really is 



It asserts (or denies) a sequence, a 

 co-existence, a simple existence, 

 a causation 



— or a resemblance 



Propositions of which the terms 

 are abstract 



68 



Chapter VI. 

 Oj Propositions merely Verbal. 



1. Essential and Accidental Proposi- 



tions 



2. All essential Propositions are 



identical Propositions 



3. Individuals have no essences 



4. Real Propositions, how distin- 



guished from verbal 



5. Two modes of representing the 



import of a real Proposition . . 7 



Chapter VII. 



Of the Nature of Classification, and 



the Five Predicables. 



1. Classification, how connected with 



naming 



74 



76 



SEC. PAGE 



2. The Predicables, what .. .. 77 



3. Genus and Species . . . . . . 77 



4. Kinds have a real existence in 



nature 79 



5. Differentia , . 8i 



6. Differentiai for general purposes, 



and differentiae for special or 



technical purposes . , . . 83 



7. Proprium 84 



8. Accidens 88 



Chapter VIII. 

 Of Definition. 



A definition, what 86 



Every name can be defined whose 

 meaning is susceptible of analy- 

 sis 87 



Complete, how distinguished from 

 incomplete definitions . . . . 88 



— and from descriptions . . . . 89 

 What are called definitions of 



Things, are definitions of Names 

 with an implied assumption of 

 tlie existence of Things corre- 

 sponding to them 92 



— even when such things do not 



in reality exist . . . . . . 97 



Definitions, though of names only, 

 must be grounded on knowledge 

 of the corresponding things . . 98 



BOOK II. 

 OF EEASONING. 



Chapter I. 

 Of Inference, or Reasoning, in general. 



1. Retrospect of the preceding Book 103 



2. Inferences improperly so called . . 104 



3. Inferences proper, distinguished 



into inductions and ratiocina- 

 tions 107 



Chapter II. 

 Of Batiocination, or Syllogism. 



1. Analysis of the Syllogism .. .. 108 



2. The dictum de omni not the foun- 



dation of reasoning, but a mere 

 identical proposition .. .. 113 



3. What is the really fundamental 



axiom of Ratiocination .. .. 116 



4. The other form of the axiom . . 117 



Chapter III. 



Of the Functions and Logical Value 

 of the Syllogism. 



1. Is the Syllogism a petitio prin- 



cipii? . . . . . . .... 119 



2. InsufiBciency of the common 



theory 120 



3. All inference is from particulars. 



to particulars 121 



4. General Propositions are a record 



of such inferences, and the rules 

 of the Syllogism are rules for the 

 interpretation of the record . . 126 



5. The Syllogism not the type of 



reasoning, but a test of it . . 128 



6. The true type, what . . . . 131 

 7 Relation between Induction and 



Deduction .. .. .. .. 133 



8. Objections answered .. .. 134 



9. Of Formal Logic, and its relation 



to the Logic of Truth . . . . 136 



