LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

 PLATES FACING PAGE 



I. Propagating frames 10 



II. Digging nursery stock. Left-hand corner, a buddei at work. 50 



III. Upper: Planting a tree, using a planting-board. Lower: 



An extension disk, adapted to cultivation under branches. 88 



IV. Upper: A type of pruning known as " heading back 



severely." Lower: A tree pruned to laterals . . . 130 

 V. Upper: Irrigating a nursery by furrow system. Lower: 



Irrigating orchard by basin system 170 



VI. Prolific bearing of the quince 210 



VII. Upper: A thrifty vineyard with orchard in background. 

 Lower: Strawberries grown in matted rows in young 



apple orchard 250 



VIII. Twig of Spircea Vanhoultei in blossom 294 



FIGURES PAGE 



1. Showing how the purple color is dominant and the white 



recessive 9 



2. Plant-cells of various shapes 17 



3. A, Diagram of a cell. B, A plasmolyzed cell .... 17 



4. Cell showing circulation of the cytoplasm 19 



5. Chromoplasts of various shapes 20 



6. Tap-root of carrot 21 



7. Fascicled roots of the sweet potato 21 



8. Tip of root showing root-cap 22 



9. Root-hairs on young radish 22 



10. Root-hair magnified v 23 



11. A, Cross-section of very young growing portion of exogenous 



stem with cells nearly alike. B, An older stem with various 

 tissues developing 24 



12. A section of same stem as in Fig. 11, older, with vascular 



bundles closer together and pith between compressed into 

 medullary rays 25 



13. Cross-section of exogenous stem showing annular rings of 



wood 26 



14. Cross-section of endogenous stem showing scattered arrange- 



ment of vascular bundles 26 



xix 



