ASEXUAL PROPAGATION ON ROOTS OF OTHER PLANTS 77 



123. Fall- and June-budding. In fall-budding, the buds 

 are inserted late enough so that they do not produce shoots 

 the same season, but unite and remain through the winter 

 as dormant buds. In the following spring, the shoots are 

 forced out. It takes two seasons in the nursery to produce 

 a tree by this method, which is the one most practiced. 



June-budding must be performed early enough to give the 

 bud time to produce a shoot the same season. It is possible 

 to obtain a salable nursery tree in one season by this 

 method. 



124. Dormant-budding is practiced when it is desired to 

 bud trees just as soon as the bark slips easily in the spring. 

 At this time of year it is impossible to obtain buds from the 

 current season's growth. Hence, buds must be -obtained 

 from the last year's wood. Such wood, however, is subject 

 to winter-kill and the buds may be injured without showing 

 it clearly. On this account the bud-wood is taken from the 

 tree and stored over winter in sawdust or sand kept very 

 slightly damp. In the spring just as soon as the bark slips, 

 the dormant buds are cut and inserted from the stored cions 

 exactly as in the case of June-budding. 



125. Top-budding. The foregoing methods apply espe- 

 cially to nursery stock. Sometimes it is desired to bud the 

 tops of trees to certain varieties. In that case, the branches 

 are cut back to force out the young shoots and the budding is 

 done on these shoots. Usually, however, grafting is used in 

 top-working trees. 



GRAFTING 



Grafting, like budding, consists in inserting the cion in 

 the stock so that the cambium layers come in contact. In 

 grafting, however, the cion usually contains more than one 

 bud. Grafting may be done while the trees are dormant, in 

 late winter or early spring before the sap starts to 

 circulate. 



