78 HORTICULTURE FOR SCHOOLS 



126. Parts of the tree which are grafted. Grafts may 

 be placed on the roots, crown, stem, branches, or tips of the 

 branches. 



Root-grafting is much used in propagating nursery stock. 

 The grafts are usually made by the whip method 1 on roots 

 previously dug and stored for the purpose. 



Crown-grafting is made on the crown of the tree near the 

 ground, usually by the bark or the modified cleft method. 

 Large crowns can be grafted in this manner and trees with 

 damaged tops can be saved. This form of- graft has been 

 employed much in Europe to save the trees damaged during 

 the war. Crown-grafting by the cleft method is used on 

 nursery stock also. The small trees are cut off near the 

 ground and grafted. 



In trunk- or stem-grafting, the whole top of the tree is 

 cut off and the cions are inserted into the trunk. 



Branch-grafting is a common method on old trees. The 

 branches are cut off where they are of convenient size (from 

 1 inch to 2 inches preferred) and are usually grafted by the 

 cleft method. 



In tip-grafting, small cions are grafted on the twigs near 

 the ends. While this sort of grafting is difficult to perform 

 satisfactorily, it is coming into use with plant-breeders who 

 desire to test out new varieties. By tip-grafting, the cion 

 can be made to produce fruit more quickly than in any other 

 way. 



127. Grafts classified according to manner of their mak- 

 ing. Many methods of grafting have been devised. Whip 

 or tongue, cleft, bark, kerf, veneer, saddle, bridge, and 

 inarching or approach-grafting are some of the most common 

 forms. 



128. Whip- or tongue-grafting is used on small stocks. It 

 is common in root- or bench-grafting. The stock and cion 

 are both cut obliquely with one stroke of a sharp knife. A 



1 See paragraphs 127 to 137 for a discussion of the various methods. 



