182 HORTICULTURE FOR SCHOOLS 



from various stem types, are now providing that region with 

 satisfactory apples. In the selection of varieties, one should 

 be guided by this adaptation to the region, and by the pur- 

 pose for which the fruit is designed to be grown. Consult the 

 recommended lists of the state horticultural societies; ask 

 persons who have had experience in the given region; write 

 to the experiment station; enquire at the market s." 



The most common disease of the apple is the apple-scab, 

 which is controlled by spraying with bordeaux mixture. The 

 bulletins of the several states should be consulted as to time 

 and method of applying the spray for most efficient results. 

 Lime-sulfur spray is another remedy much used at the present 

 time for the disease. 



Of all the insects the apple-grower must combat, the codlin- 

 moth is undoubtedly the worst. The method of control is dis- 

 cussed in Chapter XVI. It should be noted that one spraying 

 is not sufficient, as there are several broods each year; there- 

 fore, the process must be repeated at definite intervals, ac- 

 cording to the experience of each locality in dealing with the 

 insect. The apple aphis is controlled by nicotine sulfate 

 sprays. The eggs may be destroyed in the winter by the 

 application of kerosene emulsion. Nicotine sulfate is used 

 as a spray for woolly aphis also. Another method of dealing 

 with the woolly aphis on the roots is to scrape off a few inches 

 of top soil and apply kerosene emulsion or tobacco mixtures, 

 allowing it to soak through the soil to the roots. Northern 

 Spy apple stock is most resistant to woolly aphis. 



The apple is propagated by grafting and sometimes by 

 budding. 



276. The pear. It is probable that at one time the pear 

 grew wild over southwestern Europe from the Caspian Sea 

 to the Atlantic Ocean. When it came under cultivation, or 

 how, it is impossible to say. The fruit has been domesticated 

 for a long time, for it was well known to the early Greek 

 writers, and there are records of it among the Romans. Over 



