SMALL-FRUITS AND THE GRAPE 217 



of the country in which the grape root-louse must be taken 

 into account, the grape is grafted on some form of resistant 

 American stock. The cuttings are usually rooted in the 

 nursery, but sometimes they are set out directly in the 

 field. Distance of planting depends on variety and local 

 conditions. The most common is eight feet each way. 



The grape comes into bearing in about three years. It is 

 a healthy vigorous plant, and will continue in profitable 

 production for many years if given careful and intelligent 

 attention. There is a constant struggle, however, between 

 the wood-growth and the fruit-growth tendencies of the vine 

 which is much more pronounced than is the case with most 

 orchard fruits. The only way by which this can be regulated 

 is by proper pruning; and this, therefore, becomes of supreme 

 importance in grape-growing. 



327. Grape pruning. In discussing the pruning of grapes, 

 the following terms are commonly used: (The letters refer 

 to Fig. 113.) 



FIG. 113. A grape- vine pruned and tied by the 

 long-cane system. 



Trunk the main body of the vine. 

 H. Branch a principal division of the trunk. 

 A. Arm a division intermediate between branch and cane. 

 C. Cane a ripened shoot. 



Shoot -a growing leafy branch, the wood of which is not yet matured. 

 S. Spur a cane cut back to a stub containing one to four eyes. 



Adventitious bud a bud arising from undifferentiated tissue. 



Water-sprout a sprout growing from an adventitious bud above 

 the surface of the ground. 



Sucker a similar shoot starting below the surface. 



