SMALL-FRUITS AND THE GRAPE 



219 



within reasonable limits. The way in which this is done is 

 indicated in the drawing. It will be noticed that there is 

 another cane growing from the point close to the lower end 

 of the arm, labeled C. If the arm becomes too long, C will 

 be allowed to develop as indicated and at the end of the first 

 season of growth will be cut back to the point R, new shoots 

 being secured from the buds below R. The arm can then be 

 cut off at the point S and the portion of C below R becomes 

 a replacing spur. The purpose of the latter is to shorten the 

 arm. 



The number of arms on a vine is determined by the variety, 

 climatic conditions, especially rainfall, and by richness of 

 soil. Where conditions are such as to induce greater growth, 

 the plant can support more arms. When conditions are the 

 reverse, the number of arms must be reduced. 



329. Cane-prun- 

 ing. In this method 

 the cane is not removed 

 as in the case of spur- 

 pruning, but is left 

 either in its entirety or 

 cut back much longer. 

 The figure shows the 

 method used (Fig. 115). 



FIG. 115. Unit of long pruning of the grape. 



A is a spur which the year before was cut back to the line 

 indicated at V. At the same time, cane B was left unpruned, 

 meanwhile, B has produced a number of laterals, X, 4, 2. These 

 have borne fruit. A has produced two canes from the two eyes 

 of the spur. These two canes are indicated as L and M. This 

 vine is now ready to be pruned. B will be entirely removed 

 along the line S. Cane M will be retained next year in exactly 

 the same way that cane B was kept last year, being headed 

 back at some point as indicated by the drawing at the point 

 B. Cane L will become a spur probably with two eyes, just 

 as A was treated the year previous. M will now develop 



