222 HORTICULTURE FOR SCHOOLS 



marketing various kinds of berries. What factors enter into the success- 

 ful marketing of berries? Suggest if possible, improvements on the 

 systems now in use in your locality. (3) Secure as much data as possible 

 on the following for a number of kinds of berries: (a) Cost of bringing 

 an acre of the plants into bearing; (b) cost of all cultural operations, 

 harvesting, marketing, and the like; (c) yields. 



EXERCISE III. Project: The growing of small-fruits is an excellent 

 project for the student, especially if arrangements can be made to 

 continue the work for more than one season. 



EXERCISE IV. Grape cuttings. 



Materials. Canes of varying lengths; small sharp pruning shears. 



Procedure. Make cuttings from canes, being careful that the lower 

 cut is just below a bud and the upper cut is just above a bud. Have 

 these cuts of different lengths, from eight to twenty-four inches. Divide 

 the cuttings into two groups, having an equal number of each length 

 in each group. Place one lot in the ground so that they stand perpen- 

 dicular or nearly so and with two buds exposed above the surface. 

 Leave them here until they are well rooted. Place the others side by 

 side in a pit partially filled with sand; then cover with sand to a depth 

 of six inches or one foot and leave them until the ends have become 

 callused. After callusing plant the cuttings in the ground as in the case 

 of the other cuttings. Note results in each case. 



(It is sometimes an advantage to callus cuttings in this way to avoid 

 drying out.) 



EXERCISE V. Leaf characteristics. 



Materials. Leaves from different varieties of cultivated grapes and 

 if possible from grapes growing wild in the neighborhood. 



Procedure. Make drawings of as many different leaves as you have 

 available, noting especially the characteristics of those forms which 

 have been imported from the Old World and of those which are known 

 to be indigenous to America or closely related to native wild grapes. 

 The student can ascertain the probable origin of the different varieties 

 in such books as Bailey's Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture or Evolu- 

 tion of Our Native Fruits, 



EXERCISE VI. If the student has a grape project, he should prepare 

 and give before the class a full account of it, giving such data as size 

 of project, age of vine, varieties, methods of pruning, time of pruning, 

 cultural treatment at different seasons of the year, probable yield, 

 value of crop, and all other topics concerning which he has information. 



