INSECTS AND THEIR CONTROL 231 



brown beetle with long antennae and white stripes on the 

 wing-covers. The larvae somewhat closely resemble those 

 of the flat-headed borers but are more circular in outline. 

 The injury is quite similar. In the case of this species, how- 

 ever, it takes three years for the larvae to undergo all the 

 different stages of their development and change into the 

 adult. 



In addition to these two types, the shot-hole borer is com- 

 mon in fruit-growing regions both of the East and the West. 

 The adult is a tiny brown beetle which lays its eggs in the 

 bark of fruit-trees, where the larvae hatch and begin to con- 

 struct their characteristic burrows beneath the surface. Trees 

 which are infested always have small holes resembling shot- 

 holes in the bark. It is from this fact that the name of the 

 insect is derived. 



In the case of all these different boring insects, injury is 

 greatest in case of weakened trees. Sun-scalded trunks or 

 branches are nearly always attacked by one or the other of 

 these borers. It is of utmost importance, therefore, that 

 young trees be kept in active vigorous condition, and that 

 the bark of the young tender trunks be protected from the 

 sun. The beetles of the shot-hole species breed in dead wood, 

 either when on the trees or when piled in the orchard, a fact 

 to be remembered in planning the work of control. 



Another boring insect commonly seen in the orchard is 

 the termite or, as it is commonly called, the white ant. 

 This is usually a little white, yellowish, or sometimes dark 

 colored insect, resembling an ant. Entrance to the tree is 

 frequently gained through a crown-gall which protrudes 

 above the surface of the ground and where more or less decay 

 is taking place. Like the other borers, the termites rarely 

 attack a quite healthy tree. 



342. Apple-tree leaf -roller. From time to time, the pest 

 known as the apple-tree leaf -roller becomes very troublesome 

 in the orchard, injuring both the fruit and the foliage. The 



