298 HORTICULTURE FOR SCHOOLS 



the brief space of a chapter; and if the novice studies and 

 observes these elements, he will not go far astray in the work 

 he may undertake, although he may not make an artist of 

 himself. 



412. The plan. No work should be undertaken until 

 every detail has been worked out and set down on paper. 

 If the buildings have not yet been constructed, their proposed 

 position should be indicated. All features of a permanent 

 character should be included. There must be a drawing to 

 a scale sufficiently large to show the relative sizes of all the 

 material to be used. Shrubs, trees, lawns, walks, drives, 

 flower-beds, and other features will be included in the draw- 

 ing. The shrubs and trees will be designated by number and 

 the numbers and names indicated on a separate sheet. The 

 location of each shrub and tree is shown by a small half circle. 



413. The lawn. The heart and center of the usual land- 

 scape is the lawn or an open space. This was learned from 

 nature, and has been utilized for so many years that its im- 

 portance has now come to be very generally recognized. 

 Every care must be exercised, therefore, to have the lawn 

 fine and as free from defects of every sort as possible. 



414. Shrubbery. The finest effects are secured when one 

 approximates most closely nature's ways. In nature shrubs 

 are almost invariably in masses; only rarely do they occur 

 as isolated specimens. When shrubs are set, therefore, they 

 should be grouped, putting enough plants together so that 

 the effect will be of a mass, not a collection of individuals. 

 Occasionally a single shrub may be placed by itself; but this 

 will be the exception rather than the rule, and will be dictated 

 only by exceptional circumstances. 



Different kinds of shrubs may be blended together in the 

 same shrubbery group, thus avoiding a dull uniformity; but 

 care must be taken that the shrubs are of such nature that 

 they will harmonize. A willow, for example, would not look 

 well with a cactus, even though each might be attractive by 



