24 



BUSH-FRUITS 



hold the wires up from the ground, even when the 

 trellis is laid down. To hold the wires close to the 

 earth, stakes are thrust over them in a slanting posi- 

 tion, as shown at n n. The snow which drifts 

 through the plants ordinarily affords- sufficient pro- 

 tection for plants which are as hardy as grapes and 



Fig, 5. Laying -down trellis-grown blackberries. 



berries. In fact, the plants may be uninjured even 

 without cover, since, in their prostrate position, they 

 escape the cold and drying winds." 



In this connection it should be noted, that severe 

 cold is not the only cause of winter -killing. In 

 Nebraska, red raspberries and blackberries are com- 

 monly killed to the ground if left unprotected, while 

 black -caps fare only a little better, yet the climate is 

 no colder than in New York or Pennsylvania, where 

 protection is rarely given. The winter of 1895-6 was 



