90 BUSH-FRUITS 



apparatus work by means of an endless chain run on a shaft and 

 moved by a crank, while others work directly by means of a lever. 

 Various lifting devices, some of them controlled by patents (as 

 mentioned in the descriptions of them), are in use in western 

 New York. Some of the most prominent types are mentioned for 

 the purpose, not of recommending any one of them, but to ac- 

 quaint the reader with the leading principles in the manual opera- 

 tion of an evaporating establishment. 



" The lifting device by means of which the trays are elevated 

 in the Bush stack (Figs. 16, 19, 20) may be called the Culver- 

 Cassidy or Bogers apparatus. The Culver lifting device consisted 

 of a head -block which was raised by a lever, and it connected 

 with two columns or runs of notched strips on either side of the 

 stack. These vertical strips or bars, with the stationary notches, 

 alternately recede into the recesses of the wall, to allow of the 

 lifting of the trays by one bar and the engaging or holding of 

 them in place by the other. The Culver head-block, which is 

 shown at H c o, and the lever at L in Fig. 16, was at the top of 

 the stack. Now, the Cassidy lifter worked from the bottom, 

 raising the trays by means of a chain winding on an iron bar 

 which was turned by a crank outside the stack. But instead of 

 resting the trays on stationary cogs or notches, as the Culver 

 device did, the Cassidy apparatus employed movable dogs. In 

 1881, L. R. Rogers obtained the consent of the interested parties, 

 as he informs me, and combined the two machines, using the 

 head-block of the Culver and the movable dogs of the Cassidy. 

 This type of lifting device is the most popular apparatus now in 

 use in Wayne county and adjoining regions, largely because it is 

 readily adapted to any size or height of tower, and is simple and 

 direct in operation. 



"The lifting 'apparatus in Fig. 16, therefore, consists of two 

 double runs or columns of dogs on each side of the stack, and a 

 head-block above. The runs of dogs are shown at N and at Y; 

 also at s. One line of dogs in each column is stationary and 

 holds the tray, and the other line is movable and lifts the tray. 

 One of these dogs is seen in Fig. 23. The dog s E is a piece of 

 cast-iron, hung on a pivot D. There are two of these dogs, side 



