192 BUSH-FRUITS 



forefathers beyond the sea ; but coupled with that, we want all we 

 have gained from the hardier species of our own country. We 

 want a red raspberry as good as Brinckle"'s Orange in quality, 

 as large and productive as Cuthbert and of brighter color, as hardy 

 as the Turner, and we want it on a black -cap bush without the 

 thorns. Will we get it? The Shaffer is our nearest approach at 

 present. What the possibilities of careful, systematic and pro- 

 gressive breeding are, only the future can show. 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN RED RASPBERRIES 



American Red (Common Red, English Red). Prince states 

 in the Pomological Manual published in 1832, that although this is 

 a native of New York, growing naturally in the Catskill moun- 

 tains, it is frequently termed English Red. He says the shoots 

 are of a dark red hue and grow very long. The spines on the 

 present year's shoots are purplish in color near the base, but 

 greenish, with brown or purplish barbs or points on the upper 

 part. The fruit is one of the earliest to mature, of medium size, 

 fine flavor and greatly esteemed. He comments on the fact that 

 this is the only variety grown to any extent for the New York 

 market, and that there were nearly one hundred acres on Long 

 Island devoted to its culture at that time. Evidently this is a 

 forerunner of American Red raspberry culture, but undoubtedly 

 plants from various sources passed under this name. In fact, 

 from the vague use of the term in early writings, it seems even 

 possible that the name may have been also applied to plants of the 

 Rubus neglectus or Rubus Idceus types. 



Andrews. Thought by J. T. Lovett to be identical with High- 

 land Hardy, while James Smith, of Iowa, is positive that this and 

 the Highland Hardy are only the Kirtland renamed. 



Bagley Perpetual (Bagley's Everbearing). Originated about 

 1854, at New Haven, Conn. Introduced in 1858 by A. Bridgeman, 

 a florist of New York. Said to be hardy, and comparatively 

 spineless. Fruit medium, nearly round, dark crimson, rather 

 soft, acid, of poor quality. Bears a second crop in autumn. 



Brandywine (Susqueco, Wilmington). Said to have been found 

 near Brandywine Creek at Wilmington, Del. It first attracted 

 attention in the Wilmington market, and was for a time called the 

 Wilmington. Mr. Edward Tatnell, of that city, undertook to in- 

 troduce it under the name Susqueco, the Indian name for the 

 Brandywine. Described as stocky, hardy, with large, reddish 



