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Grape Phylloxera 

 (Phylloxera vastatrix) 



This is the grape pest feared above all others, not only in Cali- 

 fornia, but everywhere that the vine is much cultivated. It is a 

 plant louse, but it lives and works in several forms, sometimes on 

 the vine above ground, but mostly on the root, and it requires two 

 years to complete its life cycle. There is one form having wings to 

 aid in spreading the infestation, which, however, is mostly done 

 through shipping and planting infested nursery stock. Grape boxes 

 may carry it at picking season, also anything coming in contact 

 with the vine, soil, root or fruit. The injury done by this pest is 

 mostly on the roots, which show small swellings, decay and death, 

 and then of course the whole vine dies sooner or later, but there is 

 much difference in the resistance of vines to the insect. 



Some of our native vines are immune to the Phylloxera, and this 

 is likely to save our grape industry, for if the improved varieties 

 are grafted on to these immune roots, we need fear the pest but 

 little, and eventually we hope that a strain of vines practically im- 

 mune will be developed. 



The indications of phylloxera are a decreased growth of the leaves, 

 small bunches of grapes very lacking in sugar, yellow coloring and 

 dropping of the leaves. The infested vines must be dug up, the 

 land used for other crops for two or three years, and when replanted, 

 resistant vines used. 



A strict quarantine should be maintained against any infested dis- 

 trict and all incoming nursery vines from anywhere should be care- 

 fully inspected to prevent new infestations of this pest. 



The Cankerworm 



(Alsophila pometaria) 



This pest, also known as the measuring worm, is the larva of 

 a wingless moth which crawls up the tree in the fall and deposits 

 about the twigs her masses of eggs which hatch in the spring and 

 feed on the new leaves just putting out, sometimes defoliating the 

 tree to its injury for more than a year. 



Tree tanglefoot, the sticky coating of flypaper put about the trunk, 

 will prevent the moths climbing the tree, if watched and kept fresh 

 and sticky. It should be kept on from Nov. 1st to Jan. 15th. 



