APPENDIX A 182 



The extremely large number and preponderance of bacilli 

 carried by this fly No. 3 shows very strikingly the infection 

 which a fly frequenting such miscellaneous household refuse 

 as is contained in the average household dustbin and the 

 results of such careful experiments as those which are 

 recorded above demonstrate clearly not only that flies 

 normally carry about the spores of fungi and bacteria and 

 the extra-infection which they obtain by frequenting refuse, 

 but also their liability to carry and disseminate such bacteria, 

 pathogenic and non-pathogenic, with which they may come 

 into contact in their wanderings. Such a demonstration as 

 to their ability to transfer non-pathogenic, putrefactive, or 

 pathogenic organisms renders further comment unnecessary. 



III. FLIES AND MILK. 



An instructive example of the influence of flies and milk 

 in the dissemination of typhoid fever is communicated by 

 Taylor (Colorado State Board of Health, U.S.A.) to the New 

 York Merchants' Association. He says : " In the city of 

 Denver we had a very sad as well as a plain demonstration 

 of the transmission of typhoid fever by flies and milk. 

 Early in August of this year the wife of a dairyman was 

 taken with typhoid fever, remaining at home about three 

 weeks before her removal to the hospital, August 28th. 

 During the first two weeks in September we received reports 

 of numerous cases of typhoid fever in the northern portion 

 of Denver, and upon investigation found that all these cases 

 had been securing their milk from this dairy. An inspection 

 of the dairy was then made, and in addition to learning of 

 the illness of the dairyman's wife, we also found the dairy- 

 man himself suffering with a mild case of typhoid fever, but 

 still up and delivering milk. The water supply of this 

 dairy was fairly good. However, we found that the stools of 



