APPENDIX D 186 



which can be suggested as a result of the study of the 

 breeding habits is the periodical and regular removal of the 

 horse-manure at intervals not exceeding seven days. The 

 use of insecticidal substances could not be satisfactorily 

 supervised, apart from the fact that there would be a great 

 risk of their not being wholly efficacious. The periodic 

 removal of the breeding places could be regulated. The 

 same method of procedure should also be adopted with 

 respect to the other breeding places such as kitchen refuse, 

 the keeping of which in perfectly closed receptacles should 

 be enforced as also the periodic emptying of the same within 

 seven days in the summer months. The substitution of 

 modern methods of water-carriage for the older conservancy 

 methods in privies, etc., will abolish a very common breeding 

 place and also a common source of infection. The destruc- 

 tion of refuse by public and other destructors instead of its 

 deposition on ' tips ' would decrease a common breeding 

 place. In a few words, the prohibition of the exposure and 

 the frequent periodic removal of the substances in which 

 Musca domestica has been shown to breed are the methods to 

 be employed to bring about its numerical reduction and a 

 diminution of its liability to bacterial infection. 



In addition, such substances as milk, sugar, etc., to which 

 flies are attracted, should be kept covered, and flies should 

 not be allowed to come into contact with any food substances 

 nor with the faces of young children or persons who are ill 

 but should be prevented from doing so by means of muslin 

 or other screens. 



XVI. APPENDIX D. 



A FURTHEE PAEASITE OF THE HOUSE-FLY 



(MUSCA DOMESTICA), 



In a. series of papers, of which the first only has appeared, 

 Girault and Sanders (1909) are describing a number of 



