PREFACE xi 



In the transliteration of Oriental names and 

 words, I have, as far as possible, followed the 

 system now in use in India. It will be familiar 

 to English readers from Murray's Hand-book, 

 India, Burmah, and Ceylon. 



My grateful acknowledgments are due to Her 

 Highness the Maji Sahiba of Bharatpur for her 

 help in the matter of Hindu garden symbolism, 

 and for the photographs of her Palace of Deeg ; 

 also to Her Highness Princess Bamba Duleep 

 Singh for many details of Mughal and Sikh 

 garden ritual and customs. I am greatly in- 

 debted to Sir George Birdwood, K.C.I.E., for 

 his invaluable advice, and to his well-known 

 article on The Christmas Tree ; and to Mr. E. B. 

 Havell for the kind loan of three articles of his 

 on Indian gardening which appeared in The House 

 and Garden Magazine. 



To Mr. J. H. Marshall, C.I.E., Director- 

 General of Archaeology in India ; Mr. Gordon 

 Sanderson, Superintendent of Mohammedan and 

 British Monuments, Northern Circle ; Professor 

 F. W. Thomas, Ph.D., Librarian of the India 

 Office ; Mr. A. G. Ellis, Assistant Librarian ; and 

 Colonel T. H. Hendley, C.I.E., I am indebted 

 for their ready help in my search for references ; 



