GENERA OF GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES. 123 



C alamagrostis scabra Presl, closely allied to the above, but with 

 somewhat larger spikelets, is abundant along the coast from Oregon 

 to Alaska. This has been incorrectly referred to C. langsdorfii 

 (Trin.) Link, of Siberia. In general, the species of Calamagrostis 

 are important forage grasses. Pine-grass (C. rubescens Buckl.) is 

 common in the mountains of Oregon and Washington, where it forms 

 an important part of the forage. 



For a revision of the species of Calamagrostis found in the United 

 States, see Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bull. 11. 1898. 



54. AMMOPHILA Host. 



Spikelets 1 -flowered, compressed, the rachilla disarticulating above 

 the glumes, produced beyond the palea as a short bristle, hairy above; 

 glumes about equal, chartaceous ; lemma similar to and a little shorter 

 than the glumes, the callus bearing a tuft of short hairs ; palea nearly 

 as long as the lemma. 



A tough, rather coarse, erect perennial, with hard, scaly, creeping 

 rhizomes, long, tough, involute blades, and a pale, dense, spikelike 

 panicle. One species is found on the sandy seacoast of Europe and 

 northern .North America as far south as North Carolina and on the 

 shores of the Great Lakes, a second species around the Baltic. 



Type species: Arundo arenaria L. 



Ammophila Host, Gram. Austr. 4: 24, pi. 41. 1809. Only one species de- 

 scribed. A. anmdinacea Host, based on Arundo arenaria L. 



Psamma Beaiiv., Ess. Agrost. 143, pi. 6, f. 1. 1812. The one species, P. 

 Uttoralis, is Ammophila arenaria. 



AmmopMla arenaria (L.) Link (fig. 65) is an important sand- 

 binding grass in Europe, being used there to hold the barrier 

 dunes along the coast. In this country it has been tried with success 

 on Cape Cod and at Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. 1 It is called 

 beach-grass and less frequently marram grass and sea marram. 



55. CALAMOVILFA Hack. 



Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes, 

 not prolonged behind the palea ; glumes unequal, acute, chartaceous ; 

 lemma a little longer than the second glume, chartaceous, awnless, 

 glabrous or pubescent, the callus bearded ; palea about as long as the 

 lemma. 



Perennial, rigid, usually tall grasses, with narrow or open panicles, 

 some species with creeping rhizomes. Species four, confined to the 

 United States and southern Canada. 



Type species : Calam.agrostis brevipilis Gray. 



Calamovilfa Hack., True Grasses 113. 1890. The True Grasses is a transla- 

 tion by Scribner and Southworth of the article on grasses in Engler and Prantl's 

 Natiirliclien Pflanzenfamilien. Scribner has added bracketed notes. In a para- 



1 For a full discussion, see Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. PI. Ind. Bull. 57 ; Westgate, 

 U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. PI. Ind. Bull. 05. 1904. 



