GENERA OF GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES. 185 



S. bakeri and S. patens jimcea (Michx.) Hitchc. are used for making 

 brooms. The marsh hay of the Atlantic coast, much used for bedding 

 and packing, often consists largely of JS. patens. The species of 

 Spartina are too coarse for forage. 



For a revision of the species found in the United States, see Mer- 

 rill, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. PL Ind. Bull. 9. 1912. 



91. CAMPULOSUS Desv. 

 (Ctenium Panzer.) 



Spikelets several-flowered but with only one perfect floret, sessile 

 and closely imbricate, on one side of a continuous rachis, the rachilla 

 disarticulating above the glumes; glumes unequal, the first small, 

 hyaline, 1-nerved, the second as long as the lemmas, firm, 3 to 4 

 nerved, bearing on the back a strong divergent awn ; lemmas rather 

 papery, 3-nerved, villous on the lateral nerves and on the callus, 

 bearing a short straight awn on the back just below the apex, the first 

 and second lemmas empty, the third inclosing a perfect flower, the 

 upper 1 to 3 empty and successively smaller. 



Erect, slender, rather tall perennials, with usually solitary, often 

 curved spikes. Species about 12, in the warm regions, three being 

 in the Eastern Hemisphere and the rest in America ; two species are 

 found in the southeastern United States. 



Type species: Chloris monostachya Michx. 



Campulosus Desv., Nouv. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 2 : 189. 1810. Two species 

 are mentioned, C. gracilior Desv. (based on Chloris monostachya Michx., which 

 is Campulosus aroma ticus ), and C. hirsulus Desv. (based on Chloris falcata 

 Swartz). The first is selected as the type. The second is now referred to 

 Harpechloa. 



Ctenium Panzer, Denkschr. Baier. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 4 : 288, pi. 13. 1813. 

 (Ideeli Gatt. Graser, 38.) Only one species is described, Chloris monostachya 

 Michx., to which Panzer gives the name Ctenium carolinianum. 



Monocera Ell., Bot. S. C. and Ga. 1: 176. 1816. A single species, based on 

 Aeoilops aromaticum Walt., is included. 



Monathera Raf., Amer. Month. Mag. 4: 190. 1819. "Monocera Elliott . . . 

 must be changed, because there is already a genus of shell of the same name." 



Our two species are confined to the Southeastern States, one of 

 them, Campulosus floridanm Hitchc., to Florida, the other, C. aro- 

 maticus (Walt.) Trin. (fig. 110), called toothache grass, extending 

 from North Carolina along the Coastal Plain to Louisiana. Both 

 species are rather infrequent and neither is of importance agri- 

 culturally. 



92. GYMNOPOGON Beauv. 



Spikelets 1 or rarely 2 or 3 flowered, nearly sessile, appressed and 

 usually remote in two rows along one side of a slender continuous 

 rachis, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and prolonged 

 behind the one or more fertile florets as a slender stipe, bearing a 

 rudiment of a floret, this sometimes with one or two slender awns ; 



