13 



troduced after the last bowel has been emptied by the hand, or by- 

 copious enemas of tepid water. Enemas or clysters are mostly given 

 to aid the action of physics, and should then be in quantities sufficient 

 to distend the bowel and cause the animal to eject them. Simple water, 

 salt and water, or soap and water, in quantities of a gallon or more, 

 may be given every half hour. It is best that the horse retain them for 

 some little time, as the liquid serves to moisten the dung and favor 

 a passage. Stimulating enemas (turpentine 2 ounces, in linseed oil 6 

 ounces), should be administered after those already mentioned have 

 emptied the last bowel, with the purpose of still further increasing the 

 natural worm-like movement of the intestines and aiding the purging 

 medicine. 



Liquids may be thrown into the rectum by the means of a large 

 syringe, or difterent kinds of complicated pumps. A very good "in- 

 jection pip6" can be made by any tinsmith at a trifling cost, and should 

 be constantly on hand at every stock-farm. It consists of a funnel, 

 about 6 inches deep and 7 inches in diameter, which is to be furnished 

 with a pipe-like prolongation, placed at right angles to It, from 14. to 16 

 inches in length, and carefully- rounded and soldered at the ends. This 

 pipe must he perfectly smooth, in order to prevent injury to the rectum. 

 Introduce this pipe to its full extent, after thoroughly oiling it, and pour 

 the liquid into the funnel rapidly. The pressure of the atmosphere will 

 force the liquid into the bowels. For all ordinary purposes this instru- 

 ment is quite as good as the more complicated and expensive ones. 



Ordinary cold water, or even ice-cold water, is highly recommended 

 by many as a rectal injection for horses overcome by the excessive heat 

 of summer, and may be given by this simple pipe. 



(6) Intra- Venous Injections. — Injections directly into veins are 

 to bo practiced by medical or veterinary practitioners only, as are prob- 

 ably some other means of giving medicines— intra- trachael injections, 

 etc. 



