58 



nose^ aud mouth, sigbing, stertorous breathing, tottering gait, etc., are 

 the symptoms by which we know that the auimal is dying from inter- 

 nal hemorrhage. 



Treatment. — But little can be done. Opium in powder, in doses of 2 

 drams every two or three hours, may be given, with the idea of pre- 

 venting as much as i)ossible all movements of internal organs. If we 

 have reason to suspect internal bleeding we should give large and fre- 

 quent doses of white- oak bark tea, dram doses of tannic or gallic 

 acid, or the same quantity of sugar of lead, every half hour or hour. 

 Fluid extract of ergot or tincture of the chloride of iron, in ounce doses, 

 may be selected. Cold water dashed upon the right side or injected 

 into the rectum is highly spoken of as a means of checking the hem- 

 orrhage. 



Biliary calculi. — Gall-stones. — These are rarely found in the horse, but 

 may occupy the hepatic ducts, giving rise to jaundice and to colicky 

 X)ains. There are no absolutely diagnostic symptoma, but should we 

 fiud a horse that suffers from repeated attacks of colic, accompanied by 

 symptoms of violent pain, and that during or following these attacks 

 the animal is jaundiced, wc may hazard the conjecture that gall-stones 

 are present. There is little or nothing to be done except to give medi- 

 cines to overcome pain, trusting that these concretions may pass on to 

 the bowels, where, from their small size, they will not occasion any in- 

 convenience. 



Diseases of the pancreas and spleen are so rare, or their symptoms 

 so little understood, that it is impossible to write anything concerning 

 either of these organs and their simple diseases that will convey to the 

 reader information from a worthy stand-point, i. e., that of experience 

 and observation. It is sometimes well, even for the veterinarian, to 

 know that he does not know. This knowledge has saved my readers 

 an infliction. 



