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abdomen as if from colicky pain, and tenderness of the loins to pinch- 

 lug, especially just beneath the bony processes C inches to one side of 

 the median line. Urine is passed frequently, a small quantity at a time, 

 of a high color, and sometimes mixed with blood or even pus. Under 

 the microscope it shows the microscopic casts referred to under general 

 symptoms. If treated by acetic acid, boiling, and subsequent addition 

 of strong nitric acid, the resulting and persistent precipitate indicates 

 the amount of albumen. The legs tend to swell from the foot up, also 

 the dependent parts beneath the belly, and chest, and effusions of liquid 

 may occur within the chest or abdomen. In the male animal the alter- 

 nate drawing np and relaxation of the testicles in the scrotum are sug- 

 gestive, and in small horses the oiled hand introduced into the rectum 

 may reach the kidney and ascertain its sensitiveness. 



Treatment demands, first, the removal of any recognized cause. Then, 

 if the suffering and fever are high, 3 to 4 quarts of blood may be ab- 

 stracted from the jugular vein 5 in weak subjects or unless in high fever 

 this should be omitted. Next relieve the kidneys as far as possible by 

 throwing their work on the bowels and skin. A pint of castor oil is 

 less likely than either aloes or salts to act on the kidneys. To affect 

 the skin a warm stall and heavy clothing may be supplemented by 

 dram doses of Dover's powder. Boiled flaxseed may be added to the 

 drinking water, and also thrown into the rectum as an injection, and 

 blankets saturated with hot water should be persistently applied to the 

 loins. This may be followed by a very thin pulp of the best ground 

 mustard made with tepid water, rubbed in against the direction of the 

 hair, and covered up with paper and a blanket. This may be kept on 

 for an hour, or until the skin thickens and the hair stands erect. It 

 may then be rubbed or sponged off and the blanket re-api)lied. When 

 the action of the bowels has been started it may be kept up by a daily 

 dose of 2 or 3 ounces of Glauber salts. 



During recovery a course of bitter tonics (nux vomica 1 scruple, 

 ground gentian root 4 drams), should be given. The patient should 

 also be guarded against cold, wet, and any active exertion for some 

 time after all active symptoms have subsided. 



CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OP THE KIDNEYS. 



Chronic inflammation of the kidneys is more commonly associated 

 with albumen and casts in the urine than the acute form, and in some 

 instances these conditions of the urine may be the onlj^ prominent 

 symptoms of the disease. Though it may supervene on blows, injuries, 

 and exposures, it is much more commonly connected with faulty con- 

 ditions of the system — as indigestion, heart disease, lung or liver dis- 

 ease, imperfect blood formation or assimilation. In short, it is rather 

 the attendant on a constitutional infirmity than on a simple local injury. 



It may be associated with various forms of diseased kidney, as shrink- 

 age (atrophy), increase (hypertrophy), softening, red congestion, white 



