76 



The first care is to ascertain if the urethra is pervious by passing a 

 human catheter. This determined, the open urachus may be firmly 

 closed by a stout waxed thread, carried with a needle through the tis- 

 sues back of the opening and tied in front of it so as to inclose as little 

 skin as possible. If a portion of the navel string remains, the tying of 

 that may be all sufficient. It is important to tie as early as possible so 

 as to avoid inflammation of the navel from contact with the urine. In 

 summer a little carbolic acid water or tar water may be applied to 

 keep off the flies. 



EVERSION OF THE BLADDER. 



This can occur only in the female. It consists in the turning of the 

 organ outside in through the channel of the urethra, so that it appears 

 as a red, pear shaped mass hanging from the floor of the vulva and pro- 

 truding externally between its lips. It may be a mass like the fist, or 

 it may swell up to the size of an infant's head. On examining its upper 

 surface the orifices of the urethra may be seen, one on each side, a short 

 distance behind the neck, with the urine ooziug from them drop by 



drop. 



Tbis displacement usually supervenes on a flaccid condition of the 

 bladder, the result of paralysis, over distention, or severe compression 

 during a difficult parturition. 



The protruding organ may be washed with a solution of 1 ounce of 

 laudanum and a teaspoonful of carbolic acid in a quart of water, and 

 returned by pressing a smooth, rounded object into the fundus and 

 directing it into the urethra, while careful pressure is made on the sur- 

 rounding parts with the other hand. If too large and resistant it may 

 be wound tightly in a strip of bandage about two inches broad so as to 

 express the great mass of blood, and exudate and diminish the bulk of 

 the protruded organ so that it can be easily pushed back. This method 

 has the additional advantage of protecting the organ against bruises 

 and lacerations in the effort made to return it. After the return strain- 

 ing may be kept in check by giving laudanum (1 to 2 ounces), and by 

 applying a truss to press upon the lips of the vulva (see eversion of the 

 womb.) The patient should be kept in a stall a few inches lower in 

 front than behind, so that the action of gravity will favor retention. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE URETHRA— URETHRITIS— GLEET. 



This affection belongs quite as much to the generative organs, yet it 

 can not be entirely overlooked in a treatise on urinary disorders, it 

 may be induced by the same causes as cystitis (which see), by the pas- 

 sage and temporary arrest of small stones, or gravel, by the irritation 

 caused by foreign bodies introduced from without, by blows on the 

 penis by sticks, stones, or by the feet of a mare which kicks while being 

 served, by an infecting inflammation contracted from a mare served in 



