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the first few d^s after parturition, or one suffering from leucorrlicea, 

 by infecting matter introduced on a dirty catheter, or by the extension 

 of inflammation from an irritated bilocular cavity filled with hardened 

 sebaceous matter, or from an uncleaused sheath. 



The symptoms are swelling, heat, and tenderness of the sheath and 

 penis, difficulty, pain, and groaning in passing urine, which is liable to 

 sudden temporary arrests in the course of a micturition, and later a 

 whitish muco-purulent oozing from the papilla on the end of the penis. 

 There is a tendency to erection of the penis, and in cases contracted 

 from a mare the outer surface of that organ will show more or less ex- 

 tensive sores and ulcers. Stallions sufiering in this way will refuse to 

 mount, or having mounted will fail to complete the act of coition. If 

 an entrance is effected infection of the mare is liable to follow. 



Treatment in the early stages consists in a dose of physic (aloes, 6 

 drams), and fomentations of warm water to the sheath and penis. If 

 there is reason to suspect the presence of infection, inject the urethra 

 twice daily with borax 1 dram, water 1 quart, using it tepid. Where 

 the mucopurulent discharge indicates the supervention of the second 

 stage, a more astringent injection may be employed (nitrate of silver 20 

 grains, water 1 quart), and the same may be applied to the surface of 

 the penis and inside the sheath. Balsam of copaiba (1 dram daily) 

 may also be given with advantage after the purulent discharge has ap- 

 peared. 



Every stallion suffering from urethritis should be withheld from serv- 

 ice, as should mares with leucorrhoea. 



STRICTURE OF THE URETHRA. 



This is a permanent narrowing of the urethra at a given point, the 

 result of previous inflammation, caused by the passage or arrest of a 

 stone or gravel, by strong astringent injections in the early non-secret- 

 ing stages of urethritis, or by contraction of the lining membrane occur- 

 ring during the healing of ulcers in neglected inflammations of that 

 canal. The trouble is shown by the passage of urine in a fine stream 

 with straining, pain, and groaning, and by frequent painful erections. 

 It must be remedied by mechanical dilatation, with catheters just large 

 enough to pass with gentle force, to be inserted once a day, and to be 

 used of larger size as the passage will admit them. The catheter should 

 be kept perfectly clean, and washed in a borax solution and well oiled 

 before it is introduced. 



URINARY CALCULI — STONE — GRAVEL. 



These consist in some of the solids of the urine that have been pre- 

 cipitated from the urine in the form of crystals, which remain apart as 

 a fine powdery mass or magma, or aggregate into calculi or stones of 

 varying size. Their composition is therefore determined in ditt'erent 

 animals by the salts and other constituents found dissolved in the 



