92 



on the gullet to mate him swallow ; be patient, and take time, and do 

 it right. 



If the weather be cold, blanket the animal and keep him in a com- 

 fortable stall. If the throat is sore, treat as advised for that ailment, 

 to be described hereafter. 



When the inflammatory symptoms subside and the appetite is not re- 

 gained, give 2 ounces each of the tincture of gentian and spirits of nitrous 

 ether in a pint of water, as a drench, every night and morning for sev- 

 eral days. If, after ten days or two weeks, the discharge from the nos- 

 trils continues, give 1 dram of powdered sulphate of iron three times a 

 day. This may be mixed with bran and oats, if the horse will eat it, 

 but if he will not eat the food with the iron in it, give the iron as a 

 drench, dissolved in a pint of water. 



It may be objected that rather more space than necessary is devoted 

 to this simple affection ; but when it is known that there is a tendency 

 to the extension of the trouble, and that serious complications may en- 

 sue, the fact should be appreciated that there is every reason why the 

 common cold should be thoroughly understood and intelligently treated 

 in order to prevent the more dangerous diseases. 



CHRONIC CATARRH — NASAL GLEET. 



This is a subacute or chronic inflammation of some part of the mem- 

 brane affected in common cold, the disease just described. It is mani- 

 fested by a persistent discharge of a thick, white, or yellowish- white 

 matter from one or both nostrils. The sinuses of the head are the usual 

 seat of the disease. The commonest cause is a neglected, or badly 

 treated cold, and it usually follows those cases where the horse has 

 suffered exposure, been overworked, or has not received proper food, 

 and, as a consequence, has become debilitated. 



Other but less frequent causes for this affection are : Fractures of 

 the bones that involve the membrane of the sinuses ; and even blows 

 on the head over the sinuses, of suflQcient force to rupture blood-vessels 

 within. The blood thus escaping into the sinus acts as an irritant, and 

 sets up an inflammation. Diseased teeth often involve a sinus, and 

 cause a fetid discharge from the nostril. Violent coughing is said to 

 have forced particles of food into the sinus, which acted as a cause of 

 the disease. Tumors growing in the sinuses are known to have caused 

 it. It is also attributed to matter from disease of the turbinated bones. 

 Absorption of the bones forming the walls of the sinuses has been 

 caused by the pressure of pus collecting in them, and by tumors filling 

 up the cavity. 



Symptoms. — The long-continued discharge, which varies in quantity 

 according to the attendant circumstances — the cause of the trouble and 

 the part affected — will invariably indicate the disease. Great caution 

 must be exercised when examining these cases, as horses have been 

 condemned as glandered when really there was nothing more ailing 



