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moraeter is placed in the rectnm the temperature will be found to have 

 risen to 103° F., or higher. The i)ulse is very frequent, beating from 

 seventy or eighty to one hundred or more a minute; the character of 

 the pulse varies very much; it may be hard or feeble, large or small, 

 intermitting, etc. There is usually a dry cough from the beginning, 

 which, however, changes in character as the disease advances; for in- 

 stance it may become moist, or if pleurisy sets in the cough will be 

 peculiar to the latter affection, that is, cut short in the endeavor to sup- 

 press it. In some cases the discharge from the nostrils is tinged with 

 blood, while in other cases it has the appearance of matter. The ap- 

 petite is lost to a greater or less extent, but the desire for water is 

 increased, particularly during the onset of the fever. The membrane 

 within the nostrils is red and at first dry, but sooner or later becomes 

 moist. The legs are cold. The bowels are more or less constipated, 

 and what dung is passed is usually covered with a slimy mucus. The 

 uriue is passed in smaller quantities than usual and is of a darker color. 



The animal prefers to have the head where the freshest air can be 

 obtained. When affected with pnenmonia a horse does not lie down, 

 but persists in standing from the beginning of the attack. However, 

 if pneumonia is complicated with pleurisy the horse may appear restless 

 and lie down for a few moments to gain relief from the pleuritic pains, 

 but he soon rises. In pneumonia the breathing is very rapid, and some- 

 times even the most negligent observer will notice that it is difficult, but 

 when the pneumonia is complicated with pleurisy the ribs are kept as 

 still as possible and the breathing is abdominal, that is, the abdominal 

 muscles are now made to do as much of the work as they can perform. 

 Remember if pleurisy is not present there is no pain. To the ordinary 

 observer the animal may not appear dangerously ill, as he does not show 

 the seriousness of the ailment by violence, as in colic, but a careful ob- 

 server will discover at a glance that the trouble is something more 

 serious than a cold. 



If the reader has practiced auscultation and percussion sufficiently to 

 discriminate the sounds, or absence of sounds, of the diseased lung from 

 the sounds of the normal lung, he may still further satisfy himself in 

 diagnosing the ailment. When the lung is healthy, if the chest is 

 knocked on, a more or less resonant sound is emitted, according to the 

 part struck ; but when the air cells are filled with the exudate of in- 

 tlamraation, and the surrounding lung tissue contains the exudate and 

 extravasated blood, the air is excluded, and the part of the lung thus 

 affected is solidified ; now, if the chest is struck over this solidified part, 

 a dull sound is obtained. Therefore, percussion not only shows that 

 the lung is affected with pneumonia, but it points to the spot affected. 

 Moreover, if pleurisy exists in conjunction with pneumonia, and the 

 walls of the chest are knocked on with a view of gaining information 

 from the sounds elicited, when that part immediately over the affected 

 pleura is struck, the animal flinches, as the blowsj even if they are but 

 moderate, cause severe pain. 



