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By auscultation, listening to the sounds within the cbest, we gain 

 much ittformation. When the ear is placed against the chest of a 

 healthy horse the resjjiratory murmur is heard more or less distinctly, 

 according to the part of the chest that is beneath the ear. In the very 

 first stag-e of pneumonia this murmur is louder au'd hoarser; and, also, 

 there is heard a fine crackling sound something similar to that produced 

 when salt is thrown in a fire. After the affected part becomes solid 

 there is an absence of sound over that particular part. After absorp- 

 tian begins, you will again hear sounds, which gradually change until 

 the natural sound is heard announcing the return of health. 



When a fatal termination is approaching all the symptoms become in- 

 tensified. The breathing becomes still more rapid and difficult; the 

 flanks heave; the poor animal stares wildly about as if imploring aid to 

 drive off the terrible feeling of suffocation ; the body is bathed with the 

 sweat of death; he staggers, but quickly recovers his balance ; he may 

 now, for the first time during the attack, lie down ; he does so, how. 

 ever, in the hope of relief, which he fails to find, and with difficulty 

 straggles to his feet; he pants; he heaves ; the nostrils flap; he stag- 

 gers and sways from side to side and backwards and forwards, but still 

 tries to retain the standing position, even by propping himself against 

 the stall. Ic is no use, as tifter a fearful and agonizing fight for breath, 

 he goes down ; still instinct with the desire to live he makes a few in- 

 effectual efforts to breathe, which only result in a horrible wheezing,, 

 gasping noise ; the limbs stretch out and become rigid, and — he rises no 

 more. A bystander breaks the silence with the remark, " He died 

 hard." Such is the usual death scene when caused by pneumonia. It 

 amounts to a veritable struggle against suflbcation. Death ensues usu- 

 ally in from teu to twenty days after the beginning of the attack. On 

 the other hand when the disease is terminating favorably the signs are 

 obvious. When the fever abates the animal gradually improves in 

 appetite; he takes more notice of things around him; his spirits im- 

 prove ; he has a general appearance of returning health, and he lies 

 down and rests easy. In the great majority of cases pneumonia, if 

 properly treated, is by no means a fatal disease. 



Treatment. — The general outline of the treatment is much the same 

 as advised for bronchitis. The comfort and surroundings of the patient 

 must be attended to first. The quarters should be the best that can be 

 provided. Pure air is essential. Avoid placing the animal in a stall 

 where he may be exposed to draughts of cold air and sudden changes 

 of temperature. Some authorities state that such exposure is not 

 harmful after pneumonia has set in, but nevertheless the reader is ad- 

 vised to iiursue the conservative course and not to experiment. When 

 making the stable comfortably warm do not prevent the access of pure 

 air. It is much better for the animal if the air is cold and pure than if 

 it is warm and foul. It is better to make the animal comfortable with 

 warm clothing than to make the stable warm by shutting off the ven- 

 tilation. The animal should have an unlimited supply of fresh cold 



