123 



convalescing period of bronchitis are equally efficient in this case. 

 Likewise, the same general instructions apply here. 



Death may occur during the first stage of the disease, owing to the 

 severity of the fever, or it may occur during the period when the lungs 

 are solidified by the exudate of the inflammation filling up the air cells 

 and bronchial tubes, or it may take place later, when the exudate fails 

 to liquify and undergo absorption, and is then due t© suppuration, the 

 formation of an abscess, or gangrene or mortification. As a matter of 

 course pneumonia is most often fatal when both lungs are involved in 

 the inflammation. 



In concluding, it may be well to remind you that if pneumonia is 

 properly treated the great majority of cases will terminate in a complete 

 restoration to health. In all cases much will depend on the good judg- 

 ment of the person directing the treatment of the case. If it is seen 

 that any one thing is doing harm, then that particular thing should be 

 omitted. For instance, if drenching the animal is attended with harm, 

 that is, if it unnecessarily excites him, or if he obstinately refuses to 

 swallow the medicine, then do not further annoy him by persistently 

 trying to do what you are able to see only makes matters worse. Omit 

 the drenching, aud dissolve 3 drams of bicarbonate of potassium in every 

 bucketful of water he will drink of his own free will. Give the quinine 

 in capsules or balls, and also the carbonate of ammonia balls. A ball- 

 ing iron (or mouth speculum) may be obtained from any veterinary in- 

 strument dealer. A little practice with it will enable you to become 

 somewhat expert in giving medicines in the latter form. Do not give 

 quinine and ammonia together; let at least an hour intervene between 

 the administration of the two different medicines. 



PLEURISY. 



The thoracic cavity is divided into two lateral compartments, each 

 containing one lung, besides other organs. Each lung has its separate 

 pleural membrane or covering. The anatomical arrangement of the 

 Ijleura is simple to the anatomist, but a detailed description of it would 

 be beyond the comprehension of the average reader. Suffice it to say 

 that the pleura is the thin, glistening membrane that covers the lung, 

 and also completely covers the internal walls of the chest. It is very 

 thin, and to the ordinary observer appears to be part of the lung, which, 

 in fact, it is for all practical purposes. The smooth, shiny surface of 

 the lung, as well as the smooth, shiny surface so familiar on the rib, is 

 the pleura. In health this surface is always moist. A fluid (called 

 serum) is thrown off (secreted) by the pleura, which causes the surface 

 to be constantly moist. This is to prevent the effects of friction between 

 the lungs and the walls of the chest and other contiguous parts which 

 come in contact. It must be remembered the lungs are constantly di- 

 lating each time a breath is taken in, and contracting each time a 

 breath of air is expelled. It may be readily seen that if it were not for 

 the moistened state of the surface of the pleura the continual dilation 



