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down, but does not remain long down, for when he finds no relief he soou 

 gets uj). After eflusiou begins these signs of restlessness disappear. 

 If the observer looks for it, a furrow will be found running along the 

 lower part of the chest from behind the elbow back to the flank ; this is 

 due to the endeavor of the animal to keep the ribs fixed in as near as 

 possible an immovable position. Every movement of the chest causes 

 excruciating paiu, therefore the cough is peculiar; it is short and sup- 

 pressed, and comes as near being no cough as the animal can make it 

 in his desire to suppress it. The breathing is hurried, the mouth is hot, 

 the temperature being elevated from 102"^ or 103° to 105° F. The usual 

 symptoms that accompany fever are present, such as costiveness, scanty, 

 dark-colored urine, etc. The pulse is frequent, i:)erhai)s seventy or more 

 a minute, and is hard and wiry. The legs and ears are cold. 



Percussion is of valuable service in this affection. The ribs may be 

 struck with the knuckles. By striking different parts you will come to 

 a spot of greater or less extent where the blows cause much pain to be 

 evinced. The animal may grunt or groan every time it is struck. 

 Another method of detecting the affected part is to press the fingers 

 between the ribs, each space in succession, beginning behind the elbow, 

 until you arrive at a place where the pressure causes more flinching 

 than at any other part. Auscultation is also useful. In the first 

 stage, when the surfaces are dry and rough, if the ear is placed against 

 different, parts of the chest you will eventually come to the affected 

 part, which will be readily manifested by a friction sound very much 

 like that produced by rubbing two pieces of coarse paper together. 

 The sound appears immediately under the ear, and is distinct. No such 

 friction sound occurs when the membrane is healthy, as the natural 

 moisture, heretofore mentioned, prevents the friction. In many cases 

 this friction is so pronounced that it may be felt by placing the hand 

 over the affected part. When the dry stage is succeeded by the exu- 

 dation of fluid, this friction sound disappears. After the effusion into 

 the cavity takes place there sometimes is heard a tinkling or metallic 

 sound, due to dropping of the exudate from above into the collected 

 fluid in the bottom of the cavity, as the collected fluid more or less 

 separates the lung from the chest walls. 



Within two or three days the urgent symptoms are abated, owing to 

 the exudation of the fluid and the subsidence of the paiu. The fluid 

 may now undergo absorption, and the case terminate favorably within 

 a week or ten days. 



If the quantity of the effusion is large, its own volume retaras the ' 

 process of absorption to a great extent, and consequently convales- 

 cence is delayed. In some cases the symptoms manifest a serious state. 

 The pulse becomes more frequent, the breathing more hurried and 

 labored, the flanks work like bellows, the nostrils flap, the eyes stare 

 wildly, the countenance expresses much anxiety, and general signs of 

 dissolution are plain. After a time swellings appear under the chest 

 and abdomen and down the legs. These swellings are due to trans- 



