143 



to favor oozing from the iucisions and to encourage tlie formation of 

 white matter iu the original wounds, which must not be allowed to close 

 again at once. A free, cream-like discharge implies a healthy action in 

 the sore, and is the precursor of recovery. 



PHYMOSIS AND PARAPHYMOSIS. 



In cases of swelling, as above, the penis may be imprisoned within 

 the sheath (phymosis) or protruded and swollen so that it can not be 

 retracted into it (paraphymosis). In these cases the treatment indi- 

 cated above, and especially the scarifications, will prove a useful pre- 

 liminary resort. The use of astringent lotions is always desirable, and 

 in case of the protruded penis the application of an elastic or simple 

 linen bandage, so as to press out the blood and accumulated fluid, will 

 enable the operator to return it. 



TUMORS ON THE SPERMATIC CORD. 



These are due to rough handling or dragging upon the cord in castra- 

 tion, to strangulation of unduly long cords in the external wound, to 

 adhesion of the end of the cord to the skin, to inflammation of the cord 

 succeeding exposure to cold or wet, or to the presence of septic or 

 irritant matters. These tumors give rise to a stiff, straddling gait, and 

 may be felt as hard masses in the groin connected above with the cord. 

 They may continue to grow slowly for many years until they reach a 

 weight of 15 or 20 pounds, and contract adhesions to all surrounding 

 parts. If disconnected from the skin and inguinal canal they may be 

 removed in the same manner as the testicle, while if larger and firmly 

 adherent to the skin and surrounding parts generally they must be care- 

 fully dissected from the parts, the arteries being tied as they are reached 

 and the cord finally torn through with an ecraseur. When the cord 

 has become swollen and indurated up into the abdomen such removal is 

 impossible, though a partial destruction of the mass may still be at- 

 tempted by passing white hot pointed irons upward toward the inguinal 

 ring in the center of the thickened and indurated cord. 



CASTRATION BY THE COVERED OPERATION. 



This is only required in case of hernia or protrusion of bowels or 

 omentum into the sack of the scrotum, and consists in the return of 

 the hernia and the application of the caustic clamps over the cord and 

 inner walls of the inguinal canal, so that the walls of the latter become 

 adherent above the clamps, the canal is obliterated, and further pro- 

 trusion is hindered. For the full description of this and of the opera- 

 tion for hernia in geldings, see article on hernia. 



CASTRATION OP THE MARE. 



Castration is a much more dangerous operation in the mare than in the 

 females of other domesticated quadrupeds, and should never be resorted 



