167 



The monstrous forms likely to interfere with parturition are such as 

 from contracted or twisted limbs or spine, must be presented double; 

 where supernumerary limbs, head, or body must approach the passages 

 with the natural ones; where a head or other member has attained to 

 an unnatural size ; where the body of one fcetus has become inclosed 

 in or attached to another, etc. 



Extraction is sometimes possible by straightening the members and 

 securing such a presentation as will reduce the presenting mass to its 

 smallest and most wedge-like dimensions. To effect this it may be 

 needful to cut the flexor tendons of bent limbs or the muscles on the 

 side of a twisted neck or body; and one or more of the manii^ulations 

 necessary to secure and bring u\) a missing member may be required. 

 In most cases of monstrosity by excess, however, it is needful to remove 

 the superfluous parts, in which case the general principles employed 

 for emhryotomy must be followed. The Ctesarian section, by which the 

 foetus is extracted through an incision in the walls of the abdomen and 

 womb, is inadmissible, as it practically entails the sacrifice of the mare, 

 which should never be done for the sake of a monster. See "Em- 

 bryotomy." 



ENTRANCE OF TWINS INTO THE PASSAGE AT ONCE. 



Twins are rare in the mare, and still more rare is the impaction of 

 both at once intothe pelvis. The condition would be easily recognized 

 by the fact that two fore limbs and two hind would occupy the passage 

 at once, the front of the hoofs of the fore feet being turned upward and 

 those of the hind feet downward. If both belonged to one foal they 

 would be turned in the same direction. Once recognized, the condi- 

 tion is easily remedied by passing a rope with a running noose round 

 each foot of the foal that is farthest advanced or that promises to be 

 most easily extracted, and to i^ush the members of the other fcetus 

 back into the depth of the womb. As soon as the one foetus is fully 

 engaged in the passage it will hold its place and its delivery will pro- 

 ceed in the natural way. 



TABLE OF WRONG PRESENTATIONS. 



f Incompletely extended. Flexor tendons shortened, 



fFore limbs ) Crossed over the neck. 



I I Bent back at the knee. 



l^Beufchack from the shoulder. 



f Bent downward on the neck. 



si 



s- c3 Head } ^®^*^ ^"^ neck turned back beneath the breast. 



®-M<( I Turned to one side. 



a <B 



U 

 ft 



[Turned upward and backward on the back. 



Hind limbs Hiud feet engaged in the pelvis. 



Transverse Back of foal fo side of pelvis. 



^ Inverted Back of foal to floor of pelvis. 



•n § . »• fmnd limbs \ Benton itself at the hock. 



® S ^"il 5 J \ Berut at the hip. 



o u g •- 1 Transverse Back of foal to side of pelvis. 



CL, o "^ t Inverted Back of foal to floor of pelvis. 



Transverse presentation of body. \ ^\f^ back and loins presented. 

 *^ '' \ With breast and belly presented. 



