170 



All means failing, it becomes necessary to remove tlie fore-limbs 

 {embryotomy) so as to make more space for bringing up the head. If, 

 even then, this can not be accomplished, it may be possible to push the 

 body backward and upward with the repeller until the hind-limbs are 

 brought to the passage, when they may be noosed and delivery effected 

 with the posterior presentation. 



HEAD TURIs^ED BACK ON THE SHOULDER. 



In this case, the fore-feet present, and the oiled h and passed along 

 the forearms in search of the missing head finds the side of the neck 

 turned to one side, the head being perhaps entirely out of reach. 

 (Plate XIII, Fig. 1.) To bring forward the head it may be desirable 

 to lay the mare on the opposite side to that to which the head is 

 turned, and even to give chloroform or ether. Then the feet being 

 noosed, the body of the foetus is pushed by the hand or repeller for- 

 ward and to the side opposite to that occupied by the head until the 

 head comes within reach, near the entrance of the pelvis. If such dis- 

 placement of the foetus is diflicult, it may be facilitated by a free use 

 of oil or lard. When the nose can be seized it can be brought into the 

 I)assage as when the head is turned down. If it can not be reached 

 the orbit may be availed of to draw the head forward until the nose can 

 be seized or the lower jaw noosed. In very difficult cases a rope may 

 be passed around the neck by the hand, or with the aid of a curved car- 

 rier (Plate VIII), and traction may be made upon this while the body 

 is being rotated to the other side. In the same way, in bad cases, 

 a hook may be fixed in the orbit or even between the bones of the 

 lower jaw to assist in bringing the head up into position. Should all 

 fail, the amputation of the fore-limbs may be resorted to as advised 

 under the last heading. 



HEAD TURNED UPWARD ON THE BACK. 



This differs from the last mal-presentatiou only in the direction of 

 the head, which has to be sought above rather than at one side, and is 

 to be secured and brought forward in a similar manner. (Plate XIII, 

 Fig. 2.) If a rope can be passed around the neck it will prove most 

 effectual, as it naturally slides nearer to the head as the neck is 

 straightened, and ends by bringing the head within easy reach. 



HIND FEET ENGAGED IN THE PELVIS. 



In this case fore-limbs and head iiresent naturally, but the hind 

 limbs bent forward from the hip and the loins arched allow the hind 

 feet also to enter the passages, and the farther labor advances the 

 more firmly does the body of the foal become wedged into the pelvis. 

 (Plate XII, Fig. 2.) The condition is to be recognized by introducing 

 the oiled hand along the belly of the foetus, when the hind feet will be 



