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felt advancing. An attempt should at once be made to push them 

 back, one after the other, over the brim of the pelvis. Failing in this, 

 the mare may be turned on her back, head down hill, and the attempt 

 renewed. If it is possible to introduce a straight rope carrier, a noose 

 passed through this may be put on the fetlock and the repulsion thereby 

 made more effective. In case of continued failure the anterior present- 

 ing part of the body may be skinned and cut off as far back toward the 

 pelvis as possible (see "Embryotomy"); then nooses are placed on the 

 hind fetlocks and traction is made upon these while the quarters are 

 pushed back into the womb. Then the remaining portion is brought 

 away by the posterior presentation. 



ANTERIOR PRESENTATION "WITH BACK TURNED TO ONE SIDE. 



The greatest diameter of the axis of the foal, like that of the pelvic 

 passages, is from above downward, and when the foetus enters the 

 pelvis with this greatest diameter engaged transversely or in the nar- 

 row diameter of the pelvis, parturition is rendered dif&cult or impossi- 

 ble. In such a case the pasterns and head may be noosed, and the 

 passages and engaged portion of the foal freely lubricated with lard, 

 the limbs may be crossed over each other and the head, and a move- 

 ment of rotation effected in the fcetus until its face and back are turned 

 up toward the crouj) of the mother ; then parturition becomes natural. 



BACK OF THE FOAL TURNED TO THE FLOOR OF THE PELVIS. 



In a roomy mare this is not an insuperable obstacle to parturition, 

 yet it may seriously impede it, by reason of the curvature of the body 

 of the foal being opposite to that of the passages, and the head and 

 withers being liable to arrest against the border of the pelvis. Lubri- 

 cation of the passage with lard and traction of the limbs and head 

 will usually suffice with or without the turning of the mare on her back. 

 In obstinate cases two other resorts are open : (1) to turn the foal, 

 pushing back the fore-parts and bringing up the hind so as to make a 

 a posterior presentation, and (2) the amputation of the fore-limbs, 

 after which extraction will usually be easy. 



HIND PRESENTATION WITH LEG BENT AT HOCK. 



In this form the quarters of the foal with the hind-legs bent up be- 

 neath them present, but can not advance through the pelvis by reason 

 of their bulk. (Plate X, Fig. 3.) The oiled hand introduced can recog- 

 nize the outline of the buttocks, with the tail and anus in the center 

 and the sharp points of the hocks beneath. First pass a rope around 

 each limb at the hock, then with hand or repeller, push the buttocks 

 backward and upwards, until the feet can be brought up into the pas- 

 sages. The great length of the shank and pastern in the foal is a serious 

 obstacle to this, and in all cases the foot should be protected in the 



