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tied to the upper part of the collar encircling the neck. The remain- 

 ing two ends, belonging to the other rope, are carried downward and 

 forward between the thighs and thence forward and upward on the 

 sides of the belly and chest to be attached to the right and left sides of 

 the collar. These ropes are drawn tightly enough to keep closely ap- 

 plied to the opening without chafing, and will fit still more securely 

 when the mare raises her back to strain. It is desirable to tie the mare 

 short so that she may be unable to lie down for a day or two, and she 

 should be kept in a stall with the hind parts higher than the fore. Violent 

 straining may be checked by full doses of opium (one-half dram), and 

 any costiveness or diarrhea should be obviated by a suitable laxative or 

 binding diet. 



In some mares the contractions are too violent to allow of the return 

 of the womb, and full doses of opium (one-half dram), laudanum (two 

 ounces), or chloral hydrate (one ounce) may be demanded, or the mare 

 must be rendered insensible by ether or chloroform. 



RUPTUEE OR LACERATION OF THE WOMB. 



This may occur from the feet of the foal during parturition, or from 

 ill-directed efforts to assist, but it is especially liable to take place in 

 the everted, congested, and friable organ. The resultant dangers are 

 bleeding from the wound, escape of the bowels through the opening 

 and their fatal injury by the mare's feet or otherwise, and peritonitis 

 from the extension of inflammation from the wound and from the pois- 

 onous action of the septic liquids of the womb escaping into the ab- 

 dominal cavity. The first object is to close the wound, but unless in 

 aversion of the womb this is practically impossible. In the last named 

 condition the wound must be carefully and accurately sewed up before 

 the womb is returned. After its return, the womb must be injected 

 daily with an antiseptic solution (borax one-half ounce or carbolic acid 

 3 drachms to a quart of tepid water). If inflammation threatens, 

 the abdomen may be bathed continuously with hot water by means of 

 a heavy woolen rag, and large doses of opium (one-half dram) may be 

 given twice or thrice daily. 



RUPTURES OF THE VAGINA. 



These are attended by dangers similar to those belonging to rupture 

 of the womb, and in addition by the risk of protrusion of the bladder, 

 which appears through the lips of the vulva as a red pyriform mass. 

 Sometimes such lacerations extend downward into the bladder, and 

 in others upward into the terminal gut (rectum). In still other cases 

 the anus is torn so that it forms one common orifice with the vulva. 



Too often such cases prove fatal, or at least a recovery is not at- 

 tained, and urine or foeces or both escaiie freely into the vagina. The 

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