192 



of camphor often yield good results. The administration of the stimu- 

 lants should be repeated in one hour if the pulse has not become 

 stronger and slower. If the animal is suffering from heat exhaustion 

 similar treatment may be used, with the exception of cold to the head 

 and spine, for in this case cloths wrung out in hot water should be ap- 

 plied. In either case, when reaction has occurred preparations of iron 

 and general tonics may be given during convalescence : Sulphate of 

 iron 1 dram, gentian 3 drams, red cinchona bark 2 drams ; mix and 

 give in the feed morning and evening. 



Prevention. — In very hot weather horses should have wet sponges or 

 light sun-shades on the head when at work, or the head may be sponged 

 with cold water as many times a day as possible. Proper attention 

 should be given to feeding and watering, never in excess. During 

 the warm mouths all stables should be cool and well ventilated, and if 

 an animal is debilitated from exhaustive work or disease he should re- 

 ceive such treatment as will tend to build up'the system. 



An animal which has been affected with sunstroke is very liable to 

 have subsequent attacks when exposed to the necessary exciting causes. 



APOPLEXY — CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE. - 



Apoplexy is often confounded with cerebral congestion, but true 

 apoplexy always consists in rupture of cerebral blood-vessels, with 

 blood extravasation and formation of blood clot. 



Causes. — Two causes are involved in the production of apoplexy, the 

 predis]}osing and the exciting cause. The predisposing cause is degen- 

 eration or disease which weakens the blood-vessel, the exciting cause 

 is any one which tends to induce cerebral congestion. 



i^ymptoms. — Apoplexy is characterized by a sudden loss of sensation 

 and motion, profound coma, and stertorous and difficult breathing. The 

 action of the heart is little disturbed at first, but soon becomes slower, 

 then quicker and feebler, and after a little time ceases. If the rupture 

 is one of a small artery and the extravasation limited, sudden paraly- 

 sis of some part of the body is the result. The extent and location of 

 the paralysis depend upon the location within the brain which is 

 functionally deranged by the pressure of the extravasated blood j hence 

 these conditions are very variable. 



In the absence of any premonitory symptoms or an increase of tem- 

 perature in the early stage of the attack we may be reasonably certain 

 in making the distinction between this disease and congestion of the 

 brain or sunstroke. 



Pathology. — In apoplexy we are generally able to find an atheromatous 

 condition of the cerebral vessels with weakening and degeneration of 

 their walls. When a large artery has been ruptured it is usually fol- 

 lowed by immediate death, and large rents may be found in the cere- 

 brum, with great destruction of brain tissue, induced by the forcible 

 pressure of the liberated blood. In small extravasations producing 



