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solely confined to the head or face, perhaps involving those of the neck. 

 In such cases we have complete trismus — lock jaw — and all the head 

 symptoms are acutely developed. On the contrary, we may find the 

 head almost exempt in some cases, and have the body and limbs per- 

 fectly rigid and incapable of movement without falling. 



Tetanus may possibly be confounded with spinal meningitis, but the 

 character of the spasm-locked jaw, retraction of the eyeballs, the diffi- 

 culty in swallowing due to spasms of the muscles of the pharynx, and, 

 above all, the absence of paralysis, should serve to make the distinction. 



Treatment. — The animal should be placed in a box-stall without bed- 

 ding, as far away as possible from other horses. If in a country district, 

 the animal should be put into an outbuilding or shed, where the noise of 

 other animals will not reach him ; if the place is moderately dark it is 

 all the better; in fly time he should be covered with a light sheet. The 

 attendant must be very careful and quiet about him, to prevent all un- 

 necessary excitement and increase of spasm. 



A cathartic, comjjosed of Barbadoes aloes, 6 to 8 drams, with which 

 may be mixed 2 drams of the solid extract of belladonna, should be 

 given at once. This is best given in a ball form ; if, however, the ani- 

 mal is greatly excited by the attempt or can not swallow, the ball may 

 be dissolved in 2 ounces of olive oil and thrown on the back of the 

 tongue with a syringe. If the jaws are set, or nearly so, an attempt to 

 administer medicine by the mouth should not be made. In such cases 

 one quarter of a grain of atropia, with 5 grains of sulphate of morphia, 

 should be dissolved in 1 dram of pure water and injected under the skin. 

 This should be repeated sufficiently often to keep the animal continually 

 under its effect. This will usually mitigate the severity of the spasmodic 

 contraction of the aifected muscles and lessen sensibility to pain. Good 

 results may be obtained sometimes by the injection per rectum of the 

 fluid extract of belladonna and of cannabis indica, of each 1 dram, every 

 four or SIX hours. This may be diluted with a quart of milk. When 

 the anima! is unable to shallow liquids, oat-meal gruel and milk should 

 be given by injection i^er rectum to sustain the strength of the animal. 

 A pailful of cool water should be constantly before him, placed high 

 enough for him to reach it without special effort; even if he can not 

 drink, the laving of the mouth is refreshing. Excellent success fre- 

 quently may be obtained by clothing the upper part of the head, the 

 neck, and greater part of the body in woolen blankets kept saturated 

 with very warm water. This treatment should be continued for six or 

 eight hours at a time. It often relaxes the cramped muscles and gives 

 them rest and the animal almost entire freedom from pain ; but it 

 should be used every day until the acute spasms have permanently 

 subsided in order to be of any lasting benefit. 



If the cause is due to the inclusion of a nerve in a ligature, the divi- 

 sion of the nerve becomes necessary. When it is due to a wound all 

 foreign substances should be searched for and be removed; if from a 



