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and other insects 5 snake-bites, pricks witli thorns, blows of whip or club; 

 accidental bruises against the stall or ground, especially during the vio- 

 lent struggles of colic, enteritis, phrenitis (staggers), and when thrown 

 for operations. It is also a result of infecting inoculations, as of ery- 

 sipelas, anthrax, boil, etc., and is noted by Leblanc as especially preva- 

 lent among horses kept on low marshy pastures. Finally, the introduc- 

 tion of sand, dust, chaff, beards of barley and seeds of the finest grasses, 

 and the contact with irritant chemical powders, liquids, and gases (am- 

 monia from manure or factory, chlorine, strong sulphur fumes, smoke, 

 and other products of combustion, etc.), may start the iniiammation. 

 The eyelids often undergo extreme infiammatory and dropsical swelling 

 in urticaria (nettlerash, surfeit), and in the general inflammatory dropsy 

 known as purpura hemorrhagica. 



The affection will, therefore, readily divide itself into (1), inflamma- 

 tions due to constitutional causes; (2), those due to direct injury, me- 

 chanical or chemical; and (3), such as are due to inoculation with in- 

 fecting material. 



(1) Inflammations due to constitutional causes are distinguished by 

 the absence of any local wound, and the history of a low damp pasture, 

 exposure, indigestion from unwholesome food, or the presence elsewhere 

 on the limbs or body of the general doughy swellings of purpura 

 hoemorrhagica. The lids are swollen and thickened, it may be slightly 

 or it may be so extremely that the eye ball can not be seen. If the lid 

 can be everted to show its mucous membrane, that is seen to be of a 

 deep red color, especially along the branching lines of the blood vessels. 

 The part is hot and painful, and a profuse flow of tears and mucus 

 escapes on the side of the face, causing irritation and loss of the hair. 

 If improvement follows, this discharge becomes more tenacious, and 

 tends to cause adhesion of the edges of the upper and lower lids and 

 to mat together the eyelashes in bundles. This gradually decreases to 

 the natural amount, and the redness and congested appeai-ance of the 

 eyes disappears, but swelling, thickening, and stiffness of the lids may 

 continue for a length of time. There may be more or less fever accord- 

 ing to the violence of the inflammation, but so long as there is no serioua 

 disease of the interior of the eye or of other vital organ this is usually 

 moderate. 



The local treatment consists in astringent, soothing lotions (sugar of 

 lead 30 grains, laudanum 2 teaspoonsful, rain water — boiled and cooled — 

 1 pint^, applied with a soft cloth kept wet with the lotion, and hung over 

 the eye by tying it to the headstall of the bridle on the two sides. If 

 the mucous membrane lining the lids is the seat of little red granular 

 elevations, a drop of a solution of 2 grains of nitrate of silver in an ounce 

 of distilled water should be applied with the soft end of a clean feather 

 to the inside of the lid twice a day. The patient should be removed 

 from all such conditions (pasture, faulty food, exposure, etc.) as may 

 have caused or aggravated the disease, and from dust and irritant 



