257 



soft (encephaloid) cancer may attack this part primarily or extend to 

 it from the eyeball or eyelids; hairs have been found growing from ita 

 surface ; and the mucous membrane covering it becomes inflamed in 

 common with that covering the front of the eye. These inflammations 

 are but a phase of the inflammation of the external structures of the 

 eye, and demand no particular notice nor special treatment. The 

 tumors lead to such irregular enlargement and distortion of the haw 

 that the condition is not to be confounded with the simple projection of 

 the healthy structure over the eye when the lids are pushed apart with 

 the finger and thumb, and the same remark applies to the ulceration or 

 caries of the cartilage. In the latter case, besides the swelling and 

 distortion of the haw, there is this peculiarity, that in the midst of the 

 red inflamed mass there appears a white line or mass formed by the 

 exposed edge of the ulcerating cartilage. The animal having been 

 thrown and properly fixed, an assistant holds the eyelids apart while 

 the operator seizes the haw with forceps or hook and carefully dissects 

 it out with blunt-pointed scissors. The eye is then covered with a 

 cloth kept wet with an eye wash, as for external ophthalmia. 



OBSTRUCTION OF THE LACHRYMAL APPARATUS — WATERING EYE. 



The escape of tears on the side of the cheek is asymptom of external 

 inflammation of the eye, but it may also occur from any disease of the 

 lachrymal apparatus which interferes with the normal progress of tho 

 tears to the nose. Hence, in all cases when this symptom is not at- 

 tended by special redness or swelling of the eyelids, it is well to exam- 

 ing the lachrymal apparatus. In some instances the orifice of the lach- 

 rymal duct on the floor of the nasal chamber and close to its anterior 

 outlet will be found blocked by a portion of dry muco purulent matter, 

 on the removal of which tears may begin to escape. This implies an 

 inflammation of the canal, which may be helped by occasional sponging 

 out of the nose with warm water, and the application of the same on 

 the face. Another remedy is to feed warm mashes of wheat bran from 

 a nose-bag, so that the relaxing eflects of the water vapor may be 

 secured. 



The two lachrymal openings, situated at the inner angle of the eye, 

 may fail to admit the tears by reason of their deviation outward in con- 

 nection with eversion of the lower lid, or by reason of their constriction 

 in inflammation of the mucous membrane. The lachrymal sac, into which 

 the lachrymal ducts open, may fail to discharge its contents by reason of 

 constriction or closure of the duct leading to the nose, and it then forms 

 a rounded swelling beneath the inner angle of the eye. The duct lead- 

 ing from the sac to the nose may be compressed or obliterated by fract- 

 ures of the bones of the face, and in disease of these bones (osteo- sar- 

 coma, so-called osteoporosis, diseased teeth, glanders of the nasal sinuses^ 

 abscess of the same cavities). 

 11035 17 



