424 



the upper angle of the collar will often prevent chafing in front of the 

 withers. 



Wash the chafed skin and apply salt water (one-half ounce to the 

 quart), extract of witch-hazel, a weak solution of oak bark or camphor- 

 ated spirit. If the surface is raw use bland powders, as oxide of zinc, 

 Ijcopodiuiu, starch, or smear the surface with vaseline, or with 1 ounce 

 vaseline intimately mixed with one-half dram each of sugar of lead 

 and opium. In cases of chafing rest must be strictly enjoined. Where 

 there is constitutional disorder or acrid sweat 1 ounce cream of tartar 

 or a teaspoouful of bicarbonate of soda may be given twice daily. 



CONGESTION, WITH SMALL PIMPLES — PAPULES. 



In this affection there is the general blush, heat, etc., of erythema, to- 

 getlier with a crop of elevations from the size of a poppy-seed to a 

 coffee-bean, visible when the hair is reversed or to be felt with the finger 

 where the hair is scanty. " In white skins they vary from the palest to 

 the darkest red. All do not retain the papular type, but some go on 

 to form blisters (eczema, bullae), or pustules, or dry up into scales, or 

 break out into open sores, or extend into larger swellings (tubercles). 

 The majority, however, remaining as pimples, characterize the disease. 

 When very itchy the rubbing breaks them open, and the resulting sores 

 and scales hide the true nature of the eruption. 



The general and local causes may be the same as for erythema, and in 

 the same subject one portion of the skin maj" havesimple congestion and 

 another adjacent papules. As the inflammatiory action is more pro- 

 nounced, so the irritation and itching are usually greater, the animal 

 rubbing and biting himself severely. This itching is especially severe 

 in the forms which attack the roots of the mane and tail, and there the 

 disease is often so persistent and troublesome that the horse is rendered 

 virtually useless. 



The bites of insects often produce a papular eruption, but in many 

 such cases the swelling extends wider into a button like elevation, one- 

 half to an inch in diameter. The same remarks apply to the effects of 

 the poison ivy and poison sumac. 



In papular eruption first remove the cause, then apply the same gen- 

 eral remedies as for simple congestion. In the more inveterate cases 

 use a lotion of one-half ounce sulphide of potassium in 2 quarts water, 

 to which a little Castile soap has Veen added. Or use a wash with one- 

 half ounce oil of tar, 2 ounces Castile soajj, and 20 ounces water. 



INFLAMMATION WITH BLISTERS— ECZEMA. 



In this the skin is congested, thickened, warm (white skins are red- 

 dened), and shows a thick crop of little blisters formed by effusions of 

 a straw-colored fluid between the true skin and the cuticle. The blis- 

 ters may be of any size from a millet seed to a pea, and often crack 



